2022年高考英语巅峰突破精讲系列03
数词
在英语中，数词用于表示数量和顺序，表示事物数量的是基数词，表示事物顺序的是序数词。高考中，对数词的考查主要从数词的拼写、特殊数词的表示法等方面来设题，本文将对此进行阐述和归纳。
一、注意牢记某些数词的拼写和读音
1、基数词：eight，eleven，twelve，thirteen，nineteen，twenty，thirty，forty，fifty
2、序数词：first，second，third，fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth，twentieth，one，hundredth
3、注意下列数词的读音：
four [ ] → fourteen [ ], forty [ ]
five [ ] → fifteen [ ], fifty [ ]
eight [ ] → eighth [ ], eighty [ ]
twenty[ ] → twentieth[ ], twenties[ ]
二、注意掌握特殊数词的表示法及读法
1、两位数的写法和读法
1）10－20间的数字由最基本数词表示：ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty
2）超过20的数词由“20~90间的整10的基数”＋“1－9之间的基数词”组成，书写时中间要加连字符“－”。如：
25=twenty-five 38=thirty-eight 44=forty-four 55=fifty-five
2、三位数的写法和读法：
三位数的读法：第一位数字（百位数字） hundred and 余下的一位或两位数字。如：301=three hundred and one
918=nine hundred and eighteen
863=eight hundred and sixty-three
3、四位数及四位以上数词的写法和读法：
1）从基数词末位往前数，每三位为一节，用逗号隔开。
2）如图所示，分别加上单位词hundred, thousand, million和billion
13982995625→13，982，995，625→thirteen billion nine hundred and eighty-two million nine hundred and ninety-five thousand six hundred and twenty-five
3）注意下列用法：
①只有在hundred一词后才能加and;
②hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具体数目，与基数词连用，不能用复数形式。
③若上述单词用了复数形式，则不能与基数词连用，其意义转化为了表示“多数”的抽象概念。如：
hundreds of people 数以百计的人（或数百人）
hundreds of thousands 数以十万计（或数十万）
hundreds of millions 上亿的 thousand of millions 上十亿的
④dozen（一打，十二个），score (二十)和of 短语连用时，均用复数形式；当与基数词或many, a few, several 等连用时，只能用单数形式。如：a. I bought two score（of） stamps. b. I have been to Beijing scores of times.
4、序数词的构成:
1）一般由基数加词尾－th构成。
2）以－y结尾的基数词，先将-y变成－i,再加－eth.
3）不规则的序数词如下：one-first(第一)， two-second(第二)，three-third (第三)，five-fifth(第五)，eight-eighth(第八)，nine-ninth(第九)，twelve-twelfth(第十二)
5、“编号事物”表示法：
1）可用序数词或基数词加名词表示。如：
the Fifth Lesson――Lesson Five (第五课)
2）若编号数字较大，一般用基数词表示。如：
Room320 Bus No.856 the No.113 middle School3）“年、月、日”表达法：①“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词。②“年”的读法：先读前一位或两位，再读后两位数。③可按“月－日－年”或“日－月－年”的顺序书写。
4）“世纪”用序数词，“年代”用整十的所有格或复数形式。
①1949年10月1日→（写法）Oct.1, 1949或 1st Oct , 1949→(读法)October the first, nineteen forty-nine 或the first of October, nineteen forty-nine
②1900年→（读法）nineteen hundred
③2000年→（读法）the year two thousand
④20世纪90年代→（写法）the nineties (90’s or 90s) of the twentieth century.
6、用基数词表示“几点钟”
1）“几点整”直接表示为“基数词（＋o’clock）”。如：六点→It is six (o’clock).
2）表示“几点过几分”时，若不超过30分钟，用介词past; 若超过30分钟，则用介词to, 转化为“差多少分钟到下一个相邻的整点”。如：
4:05→four past five 5:28→five past twenty eight
11:50→ten to twelve 7:35→twenty –five to eight
3）注：“几点过几分”也可直接由“几点”和“几分”的基数词相加。如：6:45→six forty-five
4）“几刻钟”表示为“基数词＋quarter(s)”。如：一刻钟→ a quarter 两刻钟 → two quarters
7、“加、减、乘、除等于几”和表示法如下：
20＋18＝？ How much is twenty plus eighteen?
How much (what) is twenty and eighteen?
9－4=？ How much (what) is nine minus four?
10×10=? How much (what) is ten times ten?
72÷9=? How much (what) is seventy-two divided by nine?
8、“倍数”的表示法有如下三种方式：
1）倍数＋比较级。如：
Line AB is three times longer than Line CD.
2）倍数＋as…as 结构。如 ：
Line AB is three times as long as Line CD.
3）倍数＋相关的名词。如：
Line AB is three times the length of Line CD.
注：英语中，表示两倍常用twice 或double, 表示三倍或三倍以上才用times。
9、百分比表示为：基数词＋percent或per cent (%), 当百分比充当主语时，谓语动词的单复数与百分比后的名词的单复数保持一致。如：
Forty percent of the men in the village are poor
More than 70 percent of the land is covered by trees.
10、基数词 度、量、衡单位词＋形容词（num. n. adj. ）
1）该结构作前置定语时，单位词只用单数形式，且彼此间用连字符连接。如：
This is a ten -kilometre-long road.
She is a rice-year-old girl.
2）该结构作后置定语或表语，当基数词大于1时，单位词要加复数，且彼此间不能用连字符连接。如：
He is a boy of ten years old
The boy is ten years old.
- 分数和小数的表示法：
1）分数 = 分子/分母 = 基数词/序数词
注： ①除分子为1的情况,序数词均要用复数形式，书写时加连字符。如：1／3―one-third 2/3－two-thirds
②带分数中的整数用基数词表示，加and和分数部分隔开。如：7 2/3 = seven and two-thirds
2）有些分数词可用half 和quarter表示。如：1/2=a half 1/4=a quarter 3/4=three-quarters
3）读小数时，数字只用基数词。如：4.5 =four point five 7.328 =seven point three two eight
4）年龄的表示法：
a) at one’s age of 基数词＝at the age of 基数词
b)（at ）基数词＝at one’s age of 基数词
He is (at) four =He is at his age of four.
c)“在…几十岁时“表示为in one’s 整１０基数词的复数。如：in his twenties 在他２０多岁时
d)基数词＋year(s) old
三、考点归纳：
1、特殊序数词及部分基数词的拼写及读法；
2、基数词和序数词的相互转化；
3、“年、月、日”、“年龄”及“几点钟”的表示法；
4、加、减、乘、除、倍数、分数及小数的表示法；
5、当分数和百分数作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词的数；
6、基数词 ＋度、量、衡单位词＋形容词”结构的用法；
四、强化训练 从A、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1. －Ｈave you finished writing the book?
－Not yet. I’m afraid I need ______ days to finish it.
three score of B. score of C. three scores D. three scores of2. The football match was held here yesterday. Nine___ police ______sent to keep order.
A. dozen, were B. dozens, were C. dozens of, was D. dozen, was
3. --What’s the date today ? ---_______.
A. It’s Sunday B. It’s the first of June C. It’s June One D. It’s a Sunday
4. The local government has decided to build _____ schools.
A. such five other B. other five such C. another five such D. five another such
5. It is said that professor Wang will be back in ____.
A .one day or two B. one or two days C. a day or two days D. one day or two days
6. The production of this factory is now ___what it was ten years ago
A.double B. as four times as C. two times than D. four tines of
7. The prices of vegetables ______ in the market lately.
- have fallen to 30% B. have been fallen by 30%
C. have been reduced by 30% D. have reduced to 30%
8. She looks fairly beautiful though she is _____
A. in seventy B. in her seventies C. at her seventies D. at the age of seventy years9. The number of students in Class One is ___larger than in Class Two.
- one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. one sixths
10. History has entered ______.
- the forties B. the fortieth C. the forty D. forties
11. She finished writing a ______report yesterday evening.
A. two-thousand-word B. Two thousand words C. two-thousand words D. two-thousand-words
12. About ______ of the population in this are a ____ farmers.
A. three-fifth, is B. three -fifth, are C. three-fifths, is D. three -fifths, are
Keys:1-6AABCB 7-12CBBAAD
