美国专家约翰•希缇斯的回答
There are several reasons why Vietnam's GDP is still lower than that of ASEAN countries of considerable size:
越南的GDP仍然低于东盟相当规模的国家，有以下几个原因：
1. Limitations of planned economy
1、计划经济的限制
It was not until the Doi Moi policy was promulgated in 1986 that the real economic reform in the 1990s was officially started, and Vietnam was no longer a country that could not feed its people.
直到1986年Doi Moi政策颁布，1990年代真正的经济改革才算正式开始，越南才不再是一个无法养活人民的国家。
After the United States lifted economic sanctions and Vietnam joined ASEAN, a large amount of foreign investment and international trade began in the mid-1990s, and the real economic growth began in the mid-2000s.
在美国解除经济制裁和越南加入东盟后，大量外国投资和国际贸易才在20世纪90年代中期开始，真正的经济增长始于2000年代中期。
2. Destruction caused by many wars
2、多次战争造成的破坏
Vietnam has experienced more than 40 years of destructive Wars - World War II, the war against France, the Vietnam War, and the war against Khmer... The resulting infrastructure damage and mental trauma will take decades to recover.
越南经历了40多年的破坏性战争——二战、对法战争、越南战争、与高棉的战斗…由此造成的基础设施破坏和精神创伤需要几十年才能恢复。
3. Lack of help from overseas Chinese
3、缺乏海外侨民的帮助
Chinese and overseas Chinese in many places are the pillars of China's economic development in the early period of reform and opening up (such as Thailand and Malaysia). They are most willing to invest and inject vitality into the economy. There are few overseas Chinese living in Vietnam. Most of them were either killed by yueduan or fled as boat people in the 1970s and 1980s.
许多地方的华人华侨是中国改革开放初期经济发展的支柱（如泰国、马来西亚），他们最愿意投资并为经济注入活力。在越南生活的华侨很少，大多数人要么被乐段*害，要么在20世纪七八十年代作为船民逃离。
Vietnamese overseas Chinese have not contributed to Vietnam's economic recovery as overseas Chinese do. Although Vietnamese overseas Chinese usually perform well in foreign countries, they lack the economic strength of overseas Chinese, and they cannot invest in Vietnam on a large scale like overseas Chinese.
越南侨民没有像海外华人那样为越南的经济复兴做出贡献。尽管越南侨民通常在异国他乡表现良好，但他们缺乏海外华人的经济实力，他们不能像海外华人那样大规模投资越南。
4. Weak industrialization
4、薄弱的工业化
When the Doi Moi policy started after the Vietnam War, the industrial infrastructure was zero, and Vietnam needs to start from zero. The leadership is poor, and people like Yue Duan have been in power for too long.
在越南战争结束后Doi Moi政策开始时，工业基础设施为零，越南需要从零开始。领导层能力差，像乐段这样的人掌权时间太长了。
5. Education
5、教育
Before the war, there was no university in Vietnam that was universally praised like Tsinghua University or Peking University. Vietnam's education system has not yet met the standards of Malaysian or Chinese schools. Vietnam lags far behind in science, technology and education.
战前，越南没有像清华大学或北京大学这样受到普遍赞誉的大学。越南的教育系统尚未达到马来西亚或中国学校所达到的标准。在科技教育方面，越南远远落后。
6. Lack of investors
6、缺乏投资者
Funds from South Korea, Japan and Singapore are currently investing in Vietnam, but other ASEAN countries such as the Philippines are also competing for the same funds. Western Europeans and Chinese (including Hong Kong and Taiwan) capital are not interested in Vietnam at all.
韩国、日本和新加坡的资金目前正在越南投资，但菲律宾等其他东盟国家也在争夺同样的资金。西欧人和中国（包括香港、台湾）资本对越南根本不感兴趣。
澳大利亚华裔网友刘文朝的回答
No matter which country, they have both good and bad sides. There are both modern cities and less developed cities. Even in highly developed countries such as Europe and the United States, they are not very modern everywhere. For example, in the United States, even in large cities such as Los Angeles, some homeless people sleep on the roadside.
无论哪个国家，它们都有好的一面和坏的一面。既有现代城市，也有不太发达的城市。即使是欧洲和美国等高度发达的国家，它们也不是到处都很现代化。例如，在美国，即使在洛杉矶等大城市，也有一些流浪汉在路边睡觉。
So is Vietnam. Although Vietnam as a whole is not very developed, they also have bright areas, such as Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi.
越南也是如此。虽然越南作为一个整体不是很发达，但他们也有亮眼的区域，如胡志明市和河内。
胡志明市
Especially in the past decade, Vietnam's economy has developed rapidly. A large number of international enterprises have been introduced through industrial transfer. Driven by these companies, Vietnam's economic development is also very rapid, especially in commodity export. Soon, some people even predicted that Vietnam might become the next world factory.
特别是近十年来，越南经济发展迅速。通过产业转移引进了一大批国际企业。在这些公司的推动下，越南的经济发展也非常迅速，特别是在商品出口方面。很快，一些人甚至预测越南可能成为下一个世界工厂。
With the continuous development of the manufacturing industry, the living standard and urban development level of the Vietnamese people are also changing. For example, there are many multinational enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. In recent years, the economic growth rate is also very fast, so the urban construction of Ho Chi Minh is also very fast. Overall urban construction in Ho Chi Minh. I think it is similar to the second tier cities in China. The city may be better in the future.
在制造业不断发展的背景下，越南人民的生活水平和城市发展水平也在发生变化。比如胡志明市就有很多跨国企业。近年来，经济增长速度也很快，所以胡志明的城市建设也很快。胡志明的整体城市建设。我认为它类似于中国国内二线城市。这座城市未来可能会更好。
In the impression of many people, Vietnam is a very backward country, and there may be several reasons why everyone has this impression.
在很多人的印象中，认为越南是一个非常落后的国家，而每个人都有这种印象的原因可能有几个因素。
First, Vietnam's GDP and per capita GDP are relatively low.
首先，越南的国内生产总值和人均国内生产总值相对较低。
From the perspective of population, Vietnam is not a small country. With a population of nearly 100 million, Vietnam is already a big country. However, from an economic perspective, Vietnam's economy is relatively small.
从人口角度来看，越南不是一个小国。他们拥有近1亿人口，已经是一个大国，但从经济角度来看，越南的经济规模相对较小。
In 2020, Vietnam's GDP is only 343.2 billion US dollars, about 1900 billion yuan, only equivalent to that of Chengdu, China.
2020年，越南国内生产总值仅为3432亿美元，约为19000亿元人民币，仅与中国成都的GDP相当。
In addition, Vietnam's per capita GDP is relatively low, except for its small GDP. In 2020, Vietnam's per capita GDP was only US $2785, ranking 146th in the world. It is because the gross domestic product is relatively small and the per capita GDP is in a relatively backward position, so the overall feeling is relatively backward.
此外，除国内生产总值较小外，越南的人均国内生产总值相对较低。2020年，越南人均国内生产总值仅为2785美元，居世界第146位。正因为国内生产总值总量相对较少，人均国内生产总值处于相对落后的地位，所以整体感觉相对落后。
Secondly, the wage level in Vietnam is relatively low.
其次，越南的工资水平相对较低。
In addition to the low per capita GDP, Vietnam's wage level is also relatively low. Most people earn between 1 million yuan and 2 million Vietnamese Dong. Even in big cities like Pingyang, Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi, their wages are not high. However, for backward areas, such as Hejiang, ShanLuo and Dianfu, their wages are only about 1.8 million Vietnamese Dong.
除了人均GDP低之外，越南的工资水平也相对较低。大多数人的工资在100万元到200万越南盾之间。即使是平阳、胡志明和河内这样的大城市，他们的工资水平也不高。然而，对于落后地区，如合江、山洛和电浮，他们的工资水平只有180万越南盾左右。
