议论文写作步骤,议论文写作技巧和方法

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如何写议论文（上）

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点或态度的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点要鲜明，论据要真实可靠，论证要符合逻辑。

1. 论点可以直接提出，也可以通过故事等引出。

2. 论证时可以采用不同的方法：可以摆出正反两方面观点进行对比；也可引经据典论证自己观点的正确性；还可提出一种错误的观点，然后论证其不当之处，最终提出正确的观点。

3. 在结论部分必须对讨论的问题做出总结或再次表明作者的观点。

4. 注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用，以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。

请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

In recent years, internet voting has become increasingly popular in China. People not only cast on-line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the "Most Beautiful Teacher" and the "Cutest Baby".

Li Jiang, a high school student, is invited to vote in the "Best Police Officer" competition, organized by the local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers' daily work. Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stories. He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds. He is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future.

Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the "Future Singer" competition. He has already received three similar invitations this week. His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition, the family will win an overseas tour for free. Su Hua likes his cousin very much, but he finds other singers perform even better. To vote, or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much.

1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；

2. 用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

（2016年江苏卷书面表达）

本写作任务包括两部分：第一部分是对题中所给短文的内容进行概述；第二部分是议论文写作部分。在写议论文部分时需先确定自己的观点——支持还是反对网络投票，然后用2~3个论据支撑自己的观点。时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。

支持：

On-line voting has become increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.

In my opinion, on-line voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is no more than a way to participate in public life. It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around seeking support. In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space. Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.

To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. Therefore, I hold a positive attitude towards on-line voting.

反对：

Internet voting is quite popular nowadays. Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting, although some are quite happy with it, and are actively involved in it.

In my opinion, internet voting has begun to show its negative impacts on people and society. Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to. Secondly, voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors, but rather on how many social-networking resources they have. Thirdly, the voters or even the competitors in many cases can be taken advantage of by the organizers for commercial purposes.

In short, internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral, and cannot be trusted. Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed. Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.

这两篇范文完全完成了试题规定的任务：首段写概要，后两段写议论文。议论文部分均在首句提出观点，接下来进行论证，最后进行观点总结。第一篇范文先给出三点论据支撑自己的观点，接着又反证了尽管网络投票有弊端，但还是有办法改善的；第二篇范文同样用三点论据支撑自己的观点，最后总述观点并提出解决办法。

第一篇范文中用到的高级词汇有beneficial, dilemma, inseparable, make no difference from, seek, regardless of, instant feedback等。其中，inseparable（不可分的）和feedback（反馈）不是课程标准要求掌握的词汇，但表意准确。同学们在平时可以适当积累一些这类容易识记的且可根据构词法推出词义的单词，这样不仅有助于扩大词汇量，也会为你的作文增色。文中的语法结构也很丰富，如while连接的并列句、since引导的原因状语从句、“介词 关系代词”引导的定语从句、not ... but ... 结构、if引导的条件状语从句等。

第二篇范文中用到的高级词汇有somewhat, negative, social-networking resources, be taken advantage of, commercial, immoral, be worked out等。其中，social-networking和immoral是可以根据构词法推出的非课标词。文中用到的语法结构有although引导的让步状语从句、that引导的定语从句、but连接的并列句、省略形式when asked, if not immoral以及非谓语动词短语等。连接成分Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, In short, Therefore等增强了文章的逻辑性和条理性。

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