现在完成时
公式: 1. have/has done(主动), have/has been done(被动)
2. 指“现在的过去”,时间轴以“现在”为基点,中文释义“已经”
3. 用法①(对现在的)影响或结果②持续性或重复性
（1）构成：have/has done, 现在完成时由助动词have 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 | 疑问式 |
I have not (haven’t) studied…. | Have I studied…? |
You have not (haven’t) studied…. | Have you studied…? |
He has not (hasn’t) studied…. | Has he studied…? |
否定疑问式 | 简单回答（肯定/否定） |
Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? | Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. |
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? | Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. |
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? | Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. |
（2）用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
①My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。
②I’m sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。
③She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如：recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信
We haven’t seen you recently.
最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
1）since和for的区别
①since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
②for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. （×）
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes.（×）
以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has been dead for 4 months.
They have been away only for 5 minutes.
3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：
①Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
②Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在这里）
③They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
④They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.
4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：①She has already come. 她已经来了。②I haven’t read it yet.我还没读过它。
③I have met him before. 我从前见过他④Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
⑤I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
⑥They have never been to Yan’an.
他们从未去过延安。
⑦I haven't seen him lately.
我近来没看到他。
Exercise:
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film.
I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ?
He _____ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I ______ (work) here since I _____ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ___ the Wangs __(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ___ just ____ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read)
English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer.
1. How long have you _______ here?
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2
B. for 2 years
C. when I was 2.
D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone
C. went D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since
C. for D. that
5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?
--I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met
C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress!
How long _____ you _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy
C. are, having D. have, had
7.--Do you know Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become
C. have been D. have turned
8. The Smiths ___ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived
C. have been D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. went to D. will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to the US?
-- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been
C, Do, go D. were, going
III. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)
I _____ _____ been to Macau before.
2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写) I ____ just ____ a new bike.
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
We ____ ____English ____three years.
5. He has never surfed, _____ _____? （改成反意疑问句）
6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______have they been here?
7. The old man _______ last year.
He has ______ ______for a year. (die) （动词填空）
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)→ Miss Gao has ______ ______ _____ an hour ago.
Ⅳ. Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_______ ______ he _______ ______?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
_______ _______ they _______ a book?
Ⅴ. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?”
“Yes, it has _________ left.”
现在完成时专项练习
一、翻译下列句子：
1．你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
__________________________________
2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
_________________________________
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。
_________________________________
4. 他已经吃过午饭 。
________________________________
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
__________________________________
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
__________________________________
7.这本字典我已买了三年
__________________________________
8.他离开中国三年了。
__________________________________
9.我认识他们五年了。
__________________________________
10.他们已去了美国五年了。
_________________________________
11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。
__________________________________
12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
________________________________
13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。__________________________________
14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。
__________________________________
二、用since和for填空
1.______two years
2.____two years ago
3.___last month
4.______ 1999
5._______yesterday
6._______ 4 o’clock
7._______ 4 hours
8._____an hour ago
9. ___we were children
10._____ lunch time
11.____ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him _____ we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.
15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.
16. It’s about ten years _______ she left the city.
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。
① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp
→ be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He ______ Beijing for _________.
2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .
3) I went home yesterday. I home for .
4) They came here last week.
They _____ here since _______.
② come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.
2) We return to Beijing yesterday.
We ____ ______ to Beijing since _____.
③ become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ a teacher for ___________.
2) The river became dirty last year. The river ___ ____ dirty for ___ ____.
④ close → be closed
open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop _____ _____ for ______.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ____ ____ ____ for six hours.
⑤ get up → be up；
die → be dead；
leave sp. → be away from sp.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep；
finish / end → be over；
marry → be married；
1) I got up two hours ago.
I _____ ____ _____since ______.
2) He left Shanghai just now.
He _____ _______ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa ___ __ ______for ___ ___.
4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _____ ___ ___ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago .
I ____ ____ ___ since ____ _____.
6) They married in 1990.
They _____ _____ _____since ____.
⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦ borrow → keep；
lose → not have ；
buy → have ；
put on → wear
catch / get a cold → have a cold；
get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________it since __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________a pen for ___________.
3) I got to know him last year.
I _______ him since ________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I ____ my glasses for _______.
⑧have / has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.
He ________ Beijing for two days.
⑨ join the league / the Party / the army
→ be a league member /a Party member / a soldier
→ be a member of the league / the Party
→ be in the league / the Party / the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ a _______ for two years.
He ______ a ___ the ____ for two years.
He _________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother _____a _____ for _____.
My brother ___ in _____ for two years.
四、划线提问
1) I have been there for two days.
______ ____ ____ you _____ ____ ?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
____ _____ _____ your father ___ ____?
3) He left here yesterday.
______ ____ he _____ _______?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
_______ ____ they ______ a book
五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where _______ Li Fei _______?
B: He _________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long _____ he ______ there?
B: He ______ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _____ never ______ there.
A: How many times ____ Li Fei ____ to that place?
B: He __________ there only once.
六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack?
He _______ his country.
2) David _____ the park just now.
3) John ____ England since he came back.
4) How long ___ they ____ this village?
5) The Smiths __ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America?
-- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I ___ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____?
He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to ____ to the zoo with me?
---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now?
--- I ____ to the zoo.
12) He often _____ swimming.
13)___you___there last year?
14) __ they often ___ skating in winter?
七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _____ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?”
“Yes, it has _________ left.”
八. 用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ____________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them _________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary_____(lose) her pen.
____ you ___(see) it here and there?
6. ____ you ____ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty?
---No I ____just ____ (have) some orange.
8. We___ already ___ (return) the book.
9. ____ they ____ (build) a new school in the village?
10.I_____(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _____ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ________ (read) this book since yesterday.
答案
一、1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since
5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since
二、1. have, seen, saw
2. Has, finished 3. has, come
4. has gone 5. have worked, moved
6. have made 7. have, stayed
8. have, finished 9. goes
10. have, found 11. is
12. were reading 13. is climbing
14. is coming 15. Have, seen
三、1-----5 DCBBB
6---10 DCCBB
四、Keys:
1. How long have, been there
2. How long has, lived here
3. When did, leave here
4. When did, buy
五、1. never 2. just , already 3. for
4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already
专项练习答案
一．翻译下列句子：
1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips?
2. I have just lost my chemistry book.
3. I have never been to the farm before.
4. He has already had lunch
= He has had lunch already.
5. Have you seen the movie yet?
6. My brother hasn’t come /get / been back yet
= My brother hasn’t returned yet.
7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.
8. Has been away from China for three years.
9. I have known them for five years. 10. They have been in the USA for five years.
11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.
12. My sister has been a college student for three years
= My sister has been in college for three years.
13. They have known each other since 1999.
14. I have been in this school for over three years.
二、用since或者for填空
1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since
5. since 6. since 7. for 8 since
9.since 10. since11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语
① 1. has been in , five minutes
2. have been in , 2008
3. have been at, two days
4. have been , last week
② 1. have been out, two years
2. have been back , yesterday
③ 1. have been , nine years
2. has been , two years
④ 1. has been closed , two hours
2. has been open
⑤ 1. have been up , two hours ago
2. has been away from
3. has been dead , seven years
4. has been over
5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990
⑥ 1. have taught , 1995
2. has been on , two minutes
⑦ 1. have kept , last week
2. have had , two hours
3. have known , last years
4. have worn , three years
⑧ has been in
⑨ has been , League member has been , member of , League has been in
2. has been , soldier ,
two years has been , the army
四、划线提问
1. How long have, been there
2. How long has , lived here
3. When did , leave here
4. When did , buy
五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where has Li Fei gone?
B: He has gone to Hainan Island.
A: How long has he been there?
B: He has been there for three days.
A: When will he come back, do you
know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back
recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan
Island?
B: Sorry, I have never been there.
A: How many times has Li Fei been to
that place?
B: He has been there only once.
六、用have / has been to / in, have
gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1. has gone t 2. went to
3. has been in 4. have , been in
5 . have been in
6. Have , been to ; have been
7. have been in / at 8. has gone to
9. did go ; went 10. go ; have been
11. are , going ; am going 12. goes
13. Did , go 14. Do , go
七、综合练习:
1. never 2. just , already 3. for
4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already
八. 用适当的时态填空：
1. lived / has been living
2. have been 3. went
4. has passed ; left
5. has lost ; have , seen
6. Have , found 7. have , had
8. have , returned
9. Have , built 10. haven’t finished
11. has read 12. bought 13. lost 14. have been reading / has read
