2）宜用who不宜用that的情况
① 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如果先行词是one, ones, anyone时。
The ones who flatter me don't please me,
那些奉承我的人并不能取悦我
We don't want anyone who can't afford the tuition fees to drop out of school.
我们不想让任何一个交不起学费的人辍学。
②先行词为those时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会备受尊敬。
③当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时。
Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.
史密斯教授不久就要来给我们作一场关于如何学英语的讲座。
The boy was crying bitterly who lost his way while looking for his mother.
这个男孩在找妈妈的过程中迷了路，哭得很伤心。
④在 there be开头的句子中。
There is an old man who wants to see you.
有位老人要见你。
There are many young men who are against him.
有许多年轻人反对他。
（2） which, that
The river which/that runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.
穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来很多欢乐。（which/that在定语从句中作主语）
This is the book (which/that) you are looking for.
这正是你在找的书。（which/that在定语从句中作宾语，可省略）
注意：
1) 指物时只能用which不能用that的两种情况，且不能省略。
① 在定语从句中作介词的宾语。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoeshop.
我过去住的房子现在变成一家鞋店了。
The pen with which you are writing is Jefr's.
你现在正用来写字的那支钢笔是杰夫的。
② 在非限制性定语从句中。
These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。
2）在下列情况中，关系词指物时，只能用that引导，不能用 which引导。
①当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。
Is there anything that you don't understand?
你有什么不懂的地方吗?
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
汤却把发生的所有事情都告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有 the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
This is the only book that I can find.
这是我能找到的唯一一本书。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修怖先行词时。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
④当先行词前面有only, all, any, no等修饰时。
I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.
我想读所有鲁迅写的书。
⑤当主句是以疑问词 which开头的特珠疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that you like best?
哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?
⑥ 当先行词既有人也有物时。
They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
他们谈论他们记得的事和人。
3. whose
whose一般指人，但有时也指物，whose指代物时，相当于of which。在定语从句中作定语。whose指人时与of whom近似，但whose表示所有关系，而of whom则表示范围（主要用于非限制性定语从句。
The building whose roof（=the roof of which）we can see from here is a hotel.
我们dao从这儿能看见房顶的那座建筑是一家旅馆。
I’d like a room whose window (=the window of which) overlooks the sea.
我想要一个透过窗户能看到大海的房间。
Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?
你认识那个日语非常优秀的姑娘吗?
He is the man whose car was stolen last night.
他就是昨晚车被偷的那个人。
I met the newcomers, several of whom were Chinese.
我见到了那些新来的人，他们中有几个是中国人。
注意：
关系代词的省略。一般情况下that， which，whom作宾语时可以省略，但当关系代词 which，whom在从句中作介词的宾语且位于介词后面时，不能省略。
I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club.
我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
2. 关系副词
常见的关系副词如下表：
