上海交通大学附属中学2017-2018学年度第一学期
高二英语期中试卷
I. Listening Comprehension (20’)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
2. A. Wild animals. B. TV programs.
C. News reports. D. Today’s newspaper.
3. A. Watch a movie at home. B. Go to the cinema.
C. Dine out with the woman. D. Stay at home alone.
4. A. You can have everything there. B. It has excellent food.
C. The service there is disappointing. D. Everything there is great.
5. A. Enjoyable. B. Dull. C. Moving D. Inspiring.
6. A. It is too hot in the room.
B. She wants to avoid meeting people.
C. She wants to smoke a cigarette outside.
D. She doesn’t like the smell of smoke inside.
7. A. Fruit here is good enough. B. He can’t wait to go to town.
C. He doesn’t like fruit at all. D. Fruit in town is sure to be better.
8. A. Their talks are still going on. B. The have achieved final agreement.
C. They will have another talk. D. Nothing has been settled.
9. A. The long wait. B. The broken-down computer.
C. The mistakes in her telephone. D. The bad telephone service.
10. A. He often complains. B. He is never happy.
C. He is a trouble maker. D. He worries about everything.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages．The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once．When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard．
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage．
11. A. How to eat chocolate without gaining weight.
B. The harmful effects of eating mild chocolate.
C. The effects of eating chocolate on emotions.
D. The health benefits of eating chocolate.
12. A. Eating a small amount of chocolate led to positive emotions.
B. Higher blood pressure resulted form having no chocolate at all.
C. Milk chocolate had less fat, sugar and fewer calories than black chocolate.
D. A balanced diet, exercise and chocolate was a guarantee of a healthy life.
13. A. People who want to change their diet.
B. People who exercise regularly.
C. People who eat chocolate often.
D. People who want to lose weight.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news．
14. A. Quick snacks. B. Home made meals.
C. Good-looking takeaways. D. Fresh fruit.
15. A. He was so tired that he collapsed.
B. He was weak for lack of enough nutrition.
C. He neglected the physical examination test.
D. He wanted to have blood transfusions.
16. A. To share with others his experience.
B. To express his hope of recovering soon.
C. To introduce some quick home-made meals.
D. To warn others not to have innutritional meals.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation．
17. A. To get permission to organize a club event.
B. To arrange for a work space for his club.
C. To inquire about a photography class.
D. To reserve a room for photography exhibit.
18. A. All new clubs must submit an approval letter to the student activities center.
B. She needs it to request funding for the club on his behalf.
C. She needs proof that the new club has a faculty advisor.
D. The approval letter can serve as verification of the club’s registration.
19. A. Get back a letter from his dormitory room.
B. Reschedule some club events.
C. Ask a committee to review his registration.
D. Pay a registration fee to start a new club.
20. A. Designing a club Website. B. Reserving audio-visual equipment.
C. Sponsoring a guest speaker. D. Setting up a campus e-mail account.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
The term “culture shock” describes the emotional upheaval many people experience when they move to a country with a different culture from what they are used to. Here is how culture shock can ___1___.
When you first arrives in a foreign country, you will probably be excited about living in a new place, meeting new people and starting your new course or job. Everything will seem fresh and ___2___.
After this initial ___3___ wears off, all the new experiences may begin to overwhelm you. Things that you found exciting at first may now seem strange and a little ___4___. Even minor differences such a being unable to buy your usual kind of soap, can ___5___ to the sense of strangeness. You may experience sudden ___6___ changes and strong reactions, feeling lost, disoriented, and even irritated and resentful.
Above all, you may wish you were back among the ___7___ people and places at home.
All international students or workers can experience culture shock in some ___8___--even those coming from countries with very similar lifestyles.
So it is important to understand that this reaction of “culture shock” is entirely normal and that it will ___9___. Don’t worry too much and try to look at everything different in a ___10___ way. Take it easy and then you will enjoy the new environment soon.
【答案】1. G 2. E
3. H 4. F
5. A 6. I
7. K 8. D
9. B 10. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要内容是讲述了文化冲击的发展过程，对于每个处在异国的人都会遇到的一种心理过程，需以积极的方式看待这个问题。
【1题详解】
考查动词。句意：以下是文化冲击是如何发展的。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词；再根据下文内容可知，下文内容阐述了文化冲击的发展过程，progress此处做动词，意为“进行、发展”，与题意相符，故选G。
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一切都会显得新鲜而迷人。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词；根据空前fresh可知，刚到一个新的国家觉得一切都很新鲜，空处和fresh是并列关系，fascinating意为“迷人的，吸引人的”，与题意相符，故选E。
【3题详解】
考查名词。句意：当最初的热情消退后，所有的新体验可能会开始压垮你。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词；根据空后的内容可知，新体验会压垮你，可知你对于新鲜事物的热情会慢慢褪去，enthusiasm意为“热情”，与题意相符，故选H。
【4题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一开始你觉得很兴奋的事情现在可能看起来很奇怪，甚至有点令人害怕。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词；根据空前strange可知，新鲜感和兴奋感变成了奇怪的感觉，甚至是有些令人害怕，frightening意为“令人害怕的”，与题意相符，故选F。
【5题详解】
考查动词。句意：即使是像买不到普通肥皂这样的小差异也会增加陌生感。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词；根据句意可知，add to是固定搭配，意为“增加”，故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词。句意：你可能会经历突然的情绪变化和强烈的反应，感到失落，迷失，甚至愤怒和怨恨。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词；根据前文可知，由最开始的兴奋感到畏惧感，是一种心情的变化，mood意为“心情、情绪”，与题意相符，故选I。
【7题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最重要的是，你可能希望回到家乡，那里有你熟悉的人和地方。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词；根据前文可知，因文化冲击而造成的心理变化使得你想回到家乡，那里有你熟悉的人和地方，familiar意为“相似的”，与题意相符，故选K。
【8题详解】
考查名词。句意：在某种程度上，所有的国际学生或工作人员都能体验到文化冲击——即使他们来自生活方式非常相似的国家。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词；根据句意可知，in some form是固定短语，意为“在某种程度上”，故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词。句意：因此，重要的是要理解这种“文化冲击”的反应是完全正常的，它会过去的。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词；根据前文可知，文化冲击是很正常的现象，它会过去的，pass意为“过去”，与题意相符，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不要太担心，试着用积极的方式看待每件事。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词；根据句意可知，文化冲突是一件很正常的事情，不要太担心，以一种积极的方式去看待它，in a positive way意为“以一种积极的方式”，故选C。
(B)
For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a ___11___ conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about ___12___: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?
Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to any responsibility for starting it. From the parents' point of view, the only ___13___ of their fight is their adolescents' complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.
In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly ___14___ between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over ___15___ things. Examples include the color of the teen's hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his ___16___ to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad ___17___ is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn't matter what the topic is--politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg--the ___18___ of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority--someone who actually knows something--and therefore to ___19___ respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to ___20___ that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
【答案】11. B 12. F
13. G 14. A
15. I 16. C
17. E 18. H
19. K 20. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要阐述了父母们和孩子们争吵的原因。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：就像邻国之间的边界冲突。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词；根据本段的Where is the line between what I control and what you do?（我所控制的和你所做的之间的界限在哪里?）可知，空处填border，意为“边界”，与题意相符，故选B。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：亲子战争是关于边界的：我所控制的和你所做的之间的界限在哪里? 分析句子结构可知，空处填名词；根据本段的Where is the line between what I control and what you do?（我所控制的和你所做的之间的界限在哪里?），空处填boundaries意为“边界”，与题意相符，故选F。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：从父母的角度来看，他们争吵的唯一原因是他们孩子完全不理智。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词；根据空后内容可知，父母们认为孩子们完全不理智是他们争吵的原因，cause意为“原因”，与题意相符，故选G。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：在这篇文章中，我将描述三种通常出现在青少年和父母之间的不成功的情况，然后提出一些摆脱困境的方法。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词；再根据语境可知，作者描述三种通常出现在青少年和父母之间的不成功的情况，arise意为“产生”，与题意相符，故选A。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：第一种不成功的情况是为小事争吵。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词；根据下文列举出的一系列事情（孩子们的头发颜色、卧室的整洁、喜欢的衣着风格、上学前早餐没吃好等），作者劝说父母不要为小事争吵，minor things意为“小事”，故选I。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：例如，青少年的头发颜色，卧室的整洁，喜欢的服装风格，孩子在上学前没有吃好早餐，或者他周末喜欢睡到中午。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词；再根据句意可知，tendency to意为“倾向于，喜欢”，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：互相指责的目的是让对方承认，他的态度不好是导致事情变糟的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词；根据句意可知，事情变糟的原因是双方的态度不好，attitude意为“态度”，与题意相符，故选E。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：不管是什么话题——政治，物理定律，还是打鸡蛋的正确方法——这些争论的要点是证明你是对的，而其他人是错的。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词；根据句意可知，一些话题的争论的点在于都要坚持自己是对的，point意为“要点”，与题意相符，故选H。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：因为他们都希望被视为权威——一个真正了解某些事情的人——因此也希望获得尊重。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词；根据句意可知，争论的人希望自己获得尊重，command在此处做动词，意为“拥有”，故选K。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：不幸的是，只要父母和青少年继续认为他们比别人知道的更多，他们就会永远地继续战斗，永远不会取得任何真正的进步。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词；根据句意可知，父母们和青少年认为他们比别人知道的多，这就是一场无休止的战斗，assume意为“认为”，与题意相符，故选D。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
The Human Development Report, published annually since 1990, seeks to ___21___ “human development” around the world and calculates a “Human Development Index” (HDI 人类发展指数) for 169 countries. The HDI is ___22___ on average income, life expectancy, and level of education. ___23___, rich countries tend to have higher HDIs than poor countries, but there are interesting ___24___ in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, because some have better health and education systems than others.
Almost every country in the world has a higher HDI than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis the total number of people living in extreme ___25___ has increased. The report concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are more ___26___, — and that even in countries with severe economic problems, people’s health and education have generally ___27___. Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile ___28___ human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is ___29___, however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.
The greatest threat to HDI in the future, according to the report, is climate change. The way to increase average income in a country is through economic growth, which means increased production and ___30___. However, if this ___31___ to greater emissions of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably go faster, causing severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will ___32___ the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, ___33___, might not be sustainable .
The only solution, according to the report, is to break the ___34___ between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions — which, ___35___ to say, is easier said than done.
21. A. judge B. investigate C. assess D. justify
22. A. based B. focused C. keen D. reflected
23. A. Unsurprisingly B. Unwillingly C. Unfortunately D. Unexpectedly
24. A. mixtures B. experiments C. signs D. variations
25. A. cruelty B. poverty C. emotion D. terror
26. A. talented B. disadvantaged C. determined D. educated
27. A. infected B. ignored C. improved D. impressed
28. A. to the extent of B. on account of C. for the sake of D. in terms of
29. A. critical B. proud C. fond D. independent
30. A. administration B. consumption C. application D. concentration
31. A. objects B. sticks C. leads D. turns
32. A. threaten B. maintain C. concern D. guarantee
33. A. nevertheless B. however C. otherwise D. therefore
34. A. link B. record C. law D. gap
35. A. fearless B. needless C. careless D. hopeless
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是HDI是基于平均收入、平均寿命和教育水平来评估国家发展指数，一些不发达国家想要促进经济发展，就需要促进生产和消费，但温室气体排放却成为了经济发展中出现的一个难以解决的问题。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自1990年以来每年发布的《人类发展报告》试图评估世界各地的“人类发展指数”，并计算出“169个国家的人类发展指数”。A. judge判断；B. investigate调查；C. assess评估；D. justify 证明......正确。根据常识可知，HDI 人类发展指数是用来衡量和评估各成员国经济社会发展水平的指标，assess意为“评估”，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类发展指数基于平均收入、预期寿命和教育水平。A. based基于；B. focused集中；C. keen渴望；D. reflected反应。根据句意可知，be based on是固定词组，意为“基于……”，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，富裕国家比贫穷国家拥有更高的人类发展指数。A. Unsurprisingly不出所料地；B. Unwillingly不情愿地；C. Unfortunately不幸的是；D. Unexpectedly出乎意料地。根据语义常识可知，富裕国家的人类发展指数更高，这在评估的意料之内，unsurprisingly意为“不出所料”，与题意相符，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，在经济发展水平相似的国家之间，人类发展存在着有趣的差异。A. mixtures混合物；B. experiments实验；C. signs标志；D. variations差异。根据句意可知，HDI指数相似的国家之间，发展水平也存在着差异，variation此处意为“差异”，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管自2008年金融危机以来，生活在极端贫困中的人口总数有所增加，但世界上几乎每个国家的人类发展指数都高于1990年。A. cruelty残忍；B. poverty贫穷；C. emotion情感；D. terror恐怖。根据空前内容和常识可知，金融危机导致贫困人口增加，poverty意为“贫困”，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：报告得出结论，大多数人更健康，寿命更长，受教育程度更高。A. talented有天赋的；B. disadvantaged有缺点的；C. determined有决心的；D. educated受教育的。根据前文可知，HDI指数评估依据是average income, life expectancy, and level of education.故此处是“受教育程度更高”，故选D。
27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在经济问题严重的国家，人们的健康和教育也普遍得到改善。A. infected感染；B. ignored忽视；C. improved改进；D. impressed给......留下深刻印象。根据语境可知，2008年的HDI指数高于1990年，可知即使是由经济问题严重的国家，健康和教育都得到了改善，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查介词词组辨析。句意：尽管撒哈拉以南非洲国家在人类发展方面垫底，但其中一些国家自1990年以来取得了重大进展。A. to the extent of到……的程度；B. on account of由于；C. for the sake of由于……的缘故；D. in terms of就……而言。根据句意可知，就人类发展而言，撒哈拉以南非洲国家垫底，in terms of意为“就……而言”，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，该报告较有批判性的事实是：在过去20年里，国家内部和国家之间的经济不平等显著加剧。A. critical批判的；B. proud骄傲的；C. fond喜欢的；D. independent独立的。根据语境可知，此处和前文是转折关系，与前文调查的可喜结果来看，此处是对部分地区的经济发展不平衡进行批判，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：提高一个国家的平均收入的方法是通过经济增长，这意味着增加生产和消费。A. administration 行政；B. consumption消费；C. application应用；D. concentration注意力。根据语境和常识可知，生产和消费促进经济增长从而提高国家的平均收入，consumption意为“消费”，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果这导致温室气体的排放量增加，就像过去一样，全球变暖可能会加快，在世界某些地区造成严重的环境问题，威胁到人们的生计。A. objects反对；B. sticks 刺；C. leads 引领；D. turns转动。根据文意可知，生产和消耗意味着能源的消耗，这将导致温室气体的排放，lead to意为“导致”，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球变暖的速度可能会更快，在世界某些地区造成严重的环境问题，这将威胁到大量人口的生计。A. threaten威胁；B. maintain保留；C. concern关心；D. guarantee保证。根据文意可知，全球变暖会导致环境问题，威胁到人们的生存问题，threaten意为“威胁”，与题意相符，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，过去二十年的进步可能是不可持续的。A. nevertheless然而；B. however然而；C. otherwise否则；D. therefore因此。根据语境可知，此处和前文是因果关系，因为全球气候变暖带来的生存问题，还要寻求经济发展，所以过去二十年里的进步是不持续的，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据这份报告，唯一的解决办法是打破经济增长和温室气体排放之间的联系——不用说，这说起来容易做起来难。A. link联系；B. record记录；C. law法律；D. gap差距。根据文意可知，想要寻求经济增长，还要减少温室气体的排放，其之间的联系是很难打破的，link意为“联系”，与题意相符，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据这份报告，唯一的解决办法是打破经济增长和温室气体排放之间的联系——不用说，这说起来容易做起来难。A. fearless无惧的；B. needless不必要的；C. careless粗心的；D. hopeless绝望的。根据句意可知，needless to say是固定搭配，意为“不用说”，想要打破经济发展和温室气体排放之间的联系，无疑是很难的，故选B。
(B)
Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just ___36___ and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship. ___37___ , denying the existence of conflict results in couples ___38___ to solve their problems at early ___39___, which can then lead to even greater problems later on. Not surprisingly, expressing anger and disagreement leads to lower marital (婚姻的) satisfaction at the beginning. However, this pattern of behavior ___40___ increases in marital satisfaction over time. Research suggests that working through conflicts is an important predictor of marital satisfaction.
So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relationships? First, try to understand the other person's point of view and put yourself in his or her place. People who are ___41___ to what their partner thinks and feels ___42___ greater relationship satisfaction. For example. researchers found that among people in dating relationships ___43___ marriages, those who can adopt their partner's perspective show more positive ___44___, more relationship-enhancing attributes and more constructive responses to conflict.
Second, because conflict and disagreements are an ___45___ part of close relationships, people need to be able to apologize to their partner for wrongdoing and ___46___ forgiveness from their parents for their own acts. Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness. and serve to restore relationship closeness. In line with this ___47___ , spouses (配偶) who are more forgiving show higher mental quality over time. Increasingly, apologizing can even have ___48___ health benefits. For example, when people reflect on hurtful ___49___ and grudges (怨恨), they show negative physiological effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure, compared to when they ___50___ on sympathetic perspective-taking and forgiving.
36. A. resolve B. regret C. abandon D. avoid
37. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Moreover D. However
38. A. trying B. declining C. failing D. striving
39. A. stages B. years C. ages D. intervals
40. A. proceeds B. protests C. proves D. predicts
41. A. sensitive B. superior C. exclusive D. efficient
42. A. expose B. experience C. explore D. exploit
43. A. as well as B. as far as C. as long as D. as soon as
44
A. minds B. emotions C. decisions D. reasons
45. A. absolute B. inevitable C. essential D. obvious
46. A. require B. inquire C. receive D. achieve
47. A. view B. act C. example D. relationship
48. A. creative B. positive C. objective D. competitive
49. A. prospects B. concepts C. memories D. outlooks
50. A. rely B. set C. decide D. reflect
【答案】36. D 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. A 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了在婚恋关系中冲突和分歧是避免不了的，但逃避不是好的解决方法。在问题出现的早期就试图去解决，解决冲突是婚姻满意度的重要预测因素。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些夫妻只是避免并否认在一段关系中存在任何冲突。A. resolve解决；B. regret遗憾；C. abandon放弃；D. avoid避免。根据下文
“否认任何冲突的存在”可知，这些夫妻只是避免这种冲突，avoid意为“避免”，与题意相符，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，否认冲突的存在会导致夫妻无法在早期解决他们的问题，这可能会导致以后更大的问题。A. Besides另外；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover甚至；D. However然而。根据句意可知，此处和前文是转折关系，避免和否认冲突的存在使得夫妻无法在最开始就解决问题，故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，否认冲突的存在会导致夫妻无法在早期解决他们的问题，这可能会导致以后更大的问题。A. trying尝试；B. declining衰退；C. failing失败；D. striving努力。根据句意可知，fail to do意为“失败做……”，否认冲突无法解决问题，故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，否认冲突的存在会导致夫妻无法在早期解决他们的问题，这可能会导致以后更大的问题。A. stages阶段；B. years年；C. ages年龄；D. intervals间隔。根据空后的later on可知，at early stages意为“在早期”， 故选A。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种行为模式预示着婚姻满意度会随着时间的推移而提高。A. proceeds开始；B. protests抗议；C. proves证明；D. predicts预测。根据前文可知，表达愤怒和分歧会在一开始降低婚姻满意度。但随着时间的推移，这种行为模式预示着婚姻满意度会提高，再根据下文的解决冲突是婚姻满意度的重要预测因素，predict意为“预测”，与题意相符，故选D。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对伴侣的想法和感受敏感的人体验到更高的关系满意度。A. sensitive敏感的；B. superior高级的；C. exclusive独有的；D. efficient有效率的。根据句意可知，对伴侣的想法感受更敏感的人对某种关系的满意度就更高，be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”，故选A。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对伴侣的想法和感受敏感的人体验到更高的关系满意度。A. expose暴露；B. experience体验；C. explore探索；D. exploit开发。分析句子结构可知，people做句子的主语，experience在此处做动词用，意为“体验”，根据句意可知，对伴侣的想法感受更敏感的人体验到的满意度就更高，故选B。
【43题详解】
考查状语从句连词辨析。句意：研究人员发现，在恋爱关系和婚姻关系中，那些能从伴侣的角度看待问题的人会表现出更积极的情绪，更能增进关系，对冲突的反应也更有建设性。A. as well as和、也；B. as far as就……而言；C. as long as只要；D. as soon as一……就……。根据句意可知，dating relationships和marriages语义并列，故用as well as意为“和”，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，在恋爱关系和婚姻关系中，那些能从伴侣的角度看待问题的人会表现出更积极的情绪，更能增进关系，对冲突的反应也更有建设性。A. minds想法；B. emotions情绪；C. decisions决定；D. reasons原因。根据句意可知，从伴侣角度看待问题的人会有更积极的情绪，emotions意为“情绪”，与题意相符，故选B。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为冲突和分歧是亲密关系中不可避免的一部分。A. absolute完全的；B. inevitable不可避免的；C. essential本质的；D. obvious明显的。根据文章第一段的conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships（冲突和分歧是所有亲密关系的一部分）可知，冲突和分歧是亲密关系中不可避免的一部分，inevitable意为“不可避免的”，与题意相符，故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们需要能够为自己的错误行为向伴侣道歉，并得到父母的原谅。A. require需要；B. inquire询问；C. receive收到；D. achieve获得。根据句意可知，receive forgiveness意为“得到原谅”，与题意相符，故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与这一观点一致的是，随着时间的推移，更宽容的配偶表现出更高的心理素质。A. view观点；B. act行为；C. example例子；D. relationship关系。根据前文可知，看待问题的人会表现出更积极的情绪，与这一观点一致的是，更宽容的配偶表现出更高的心理素质。in line with this view意为“与这一观点一致的是”，故选A。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多地，道歉甚至可以带来积极的健康益处。A. creative有创造力的；B. positive积极的；C. objective客观的；D. competitive竞争的。根据前文可知，看待问题的人会表现出更积极的情绪，更宽容的配偶表现出更高的心理素质。由此可推知，道歉甚至可以带来积极的健康益处。positive意为“积极的”，与题意相符，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，当人们回想起受伤的记忆和怨恨时，他们会表现出负面的生理影响，包括心率和血压的升高，与当他们回想起同情的换位思考和宽恕时相比。A. prospects前途；B. concepts 概念；C. memories记忆；D. outlooks展望。根据句意可知，当人们回想起受伤的记忆时，会出现负面的生理影响，memories意为“记忆”，与题意相符，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，当人们回想起受伤的记忆和怨恨时，他们会表现出负面的生理影响，包括心率和血压的升高，与当他们回想起同情的换位思考和宽恕时相比。A. rely依靠；B. set设置；C. decide决定；D. reflect反应。根据前文的when people reflect on hurtful ___14___ and grudges (怨恨)可知，与此处是前后的对比，故此处用reflect on意为“回想”，故选D。
【点睛】做完型填空时，要注意不能将题干等同于单选题去做。完形填空的每一小题都要结合整篇文章的脉络进行选择。如第10小题，判断此空的依据，是根据文章第一段的conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships（冲突和分歧是所有亲密关系的一部分），而不能只看空所在的句子去单一的寻找答案。
Section B
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
My father was chief engineer of a merchant ship, which was sunk in World War IT. The book Night of the U-boat told the story.
Memories
In September, 1940, my mother, sister and I went to Swansea, where my father's ship was getting ready to sail. We brought a family photography to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe.
Then I remember my mother lying face down, sobbing. She had heard from a friend that the ship had been sunk by a torpedo (鱼雷) .
I can remember the arrival of the telegram, which in those days always brought bad news. My grandmother opened it. It read, "Safe. Love Ted."
My most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to sit on my father's knee, his arm in a bandage.
He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes, but he said it was because of the cigarettes. Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.
Ten years later I read Night of the U-boat and was able to complete the story.
Torpedo
One torpedo struck the ship. Father was in the engine room, where the second engineer was killed. He shut down the engines to slow the ship, making it easier for it to be abandoned.
By the time he got on deck he was alone. Every lifeboat was gone except one which had stuck fast. When he tried to cut it free it swung against the ship, injuring his hand and arm. He had no choice but to jump --- still with the photograph in his pocket.
Three days later, he and other survivors were safe in Glasgow. All 23 with him signed the back of the photograph.
A toast
In my room is the book and the photograph. Often, book in hand, I have wondered how I would have dealt with an explosion, a sinking ship, a jump into a vast ocean and a wait for rescue? In case we forget, I have some more whisky and toast the heroes of the war.
51. We can infer that the mother and children went to Swansea _____.
A. to meet a friend B. to see the father
C. to take a family photo D. to enjoy the sailing of the ship
52. What can we know about the author's father after his ship was attacked?
A. He lost his arm. B. He repaired the engine.
C. He managed to take a lifeboat. D. He was the last to leave the ship.
53. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A group of forgotten heroes.
B. A book describing a terrifying battle.
C. A memory of a ship engineer's wartime experience.
D. Memories of the author's childhood.
【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一片记叙文。主要内容是一个船舶工程师战时经历的记忆。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的my mother, sister and I went to Swansea, where my father's ship was getting ready to sail. We brought a family photography to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe.（我母亲、妹妹和我去了斯旺西，我父亲的船正准备起航。我们带了一张全家福照片，让他随时带在身边，保证他的安全。）由此可知，母亲和孩子们前往斯旺西的目的是去看孩子们的父亲，故选B。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据第九段的By the time he got on deck he was alone. Every lifeboat was gone except one which had stuck fast.（等他上了甲板，就只剩下他一个人了。所有的救生艇都不见了，只有一艘系得紧紧的。）由此可推知，船遭受到袭击之后，作者的父亲是最后一个下船的，故选D。
【53题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段的My father was chief engineer of a merchant ship, which was sunk in World War IT. The book Night of the U-boat told the story.（我父亲是一艘商船的总工程师，这艘商船在第二次世界大战中沉没。《潜艇之夜》这本书讲述了这个故事。）可知，本文主要内容是一个船舶工程师战时经历的记忆，故C项能概括本文主旨，故选C。
(B)
Traffic jam and cities, it seems, go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.
But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success. Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities, and view the "traffic problem" in a different light.
Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions (交易) .
Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying cities don't have much traffic. New York and Los Angeles are America's most crowded cities. But if you want access to major stock markets, you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities. And if your firm needs access to satellite-guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.
Despite traffic jam, a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity, not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.
So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities, the costs of inaccessibility in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.
There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US, even in our most crowded cities. That's why, for now, we don't see people streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for cities like Phoenix, and Cleveland.
54. We can conclude from the first paragraph that _________.
A. traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of a big city
B. traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal with
C. if traffic engineers try their best, traffic jam can be solved
D. public officials are always criticized for misusing their power
55. According to the passage, what's the author's opinion towards traffic jam?
A. Traffic jam is unavoidable in large cities.
B. Traffic jam is both a sign of success and a sign of failure.
C. Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.
D. Traffic jam is not unpreventable for a successful city.
56. According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Crowded cities tend to promote economic transactions.
B. New York and Los Angeles have less limited spaces than other cities.
C. The satellite-guidance engineers are needed most by the firms in LA.
D. Despite the traffic jam in LA, it's easier to reach your destination than in other cities.
57. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.
B
The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the city becoming empty.
C. The traffic jam level in Chicago is lower than that in Cleveland.
D. Phoenix is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.
【答案】54. B 55. C 56. D 57. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是交通堵塞是很难解决的社会问题，交通堵塞是否是城市衰败的标志，作者就此问题展开了讨论。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.（交通工程师、交通规划者和负责大城市交通系统的政府官员经常被批评未能解决交通堵塞）可推知，交通堵塞问题似乎好像很难被解决，故选B。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities（我认为我们应该认识到交通堵塞是成功城市不可避免的副产品）由此可以推知，作者认为交通堵塞是成功的城市产生的必然结果，故选C。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的And if your firm needs access to satellite-guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.（如果你的公司需要卫星导航工程师，你可以在洛杉矶拥挤的高速公路上比在其他地方不那么拥挤的公路上更快地找到他们。）由此可以判断D项与原文相符，尽管洛杉矶交通堵塞，但与其他城市相比，你更容易到达目的地。故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos.（交通堵塞给曼谷、雅加达和拉各斯等地带来了严重的经济和环境破坏。）由此可推知，交通堵塞在曼谷和拉各斯等城市造成了严重的影响。故选A。
(C)
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language -- all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
58. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when _____.
A. he has abandoned the habit of idleness
B. he has made great efforts in his work
C. he is keen on learning anything new
D. he has tried to determine where he is on his urgent journey
59. In the author's eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would _____.
A. succeed in getting a high position in society
B. judge his ability to grow from his own achievements
C. face difficulties and take up challenges
D. aim high and reach his goal each time
60. When the author says" a new way of being " in the third paragraph, he is referring to _____.
A. a new approach to experiencing the world
B. a new way of taking risks
C. a new method of holding our ground
D. a new attitude towards our failure
61. For personal growth, the author approves of all the following EXCEPT _____.
A. curiosity about more chances
B. quick adaptation to new conditions
C. open-mindedness to new experiences
D. avoidance of internal fears and doubts
【答案】58. A 59. C 60. A 61. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了成长的两种方式：过程和结果，并详细地分析了其中的具体信息并做了详细的分析。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language -- all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.（得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果来显示其努力的人们的例证。）由此可推知，通过个人努力得到的成果，可视为一个人的成长，换句话说，一个人放弃了懒惰的习惯就能获得个人的成长。故选A。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.（为了成长，为了探索新的道路，人们需要有冒险的意愿，去面对未知的事物，并接受他们一开始可能会“失败”的可能性。）由此可推知，在作者看来，将个人成长视为一个过程的人会面临困难和挑战。故选C。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow.（当我们尝试一种新的生活方式时，我们如何看待自己对我们能力的成长至关重要。）由此可推知，作者在第三段提及" a new way of being "，他指的是一种体验世界的新方法，故选A。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow.（如果我们不去面对和克服这些内心的恐惧和疑虑，如果我们过多地保护自己，那么我们就会停止成长。）由此可知，作者认为为了个人成长，作者同意对更多机会的好奇心、快速适应新环境、虚心接受新体验，有助于个人成长，而避免内心的恐惧和怀疑则阻碍个人的成长，故选D。
(D)
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists – that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our era is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that man in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature”. The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused（滥用）as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness（贪婪）, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability（必然）of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, lying and cheating.
Another reason for doubts about the concept of human nature probably comes from the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is exactly from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
62. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings _____.
A. have many traits in common B. are born with diverse cultures
C. are born without a fixed nature D. change their characters as they grow up
63. The author mentioned Aristotle in order to _____.
A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”
B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils
C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”
D. support the idea that some human traits are acquired
64. The word “untenable” in the last paragraph of the passage most probably means _____.
A. invaluable B. imaginable
C. changeable D. indefensible
65. Most traditional philosophers believe that human nature _____.
A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B. consists largely of acquisitiveness, competitiveness and selfishness
C. is something partly innate and partly acquired
D. changes constantly with the evolution of man
【答案】62. C 63. B 64. D 65. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是从古希腊时起对于人性的组成就有诸多讨论，近些年来，对传统的人性组成的观点，有了很多不同的看法，本文就此展开了讨论。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的… that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text.（许多人类学家得出这样的概念:人的出生是一张白纸，每种文化都在上面书写自己的文字），由此可推知，人类学家认为，人类生来就没有固定的本性，故选C。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused（滥用）as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness（贪婪）, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human traits导致人们倾向于否定一成不变的人性假说的另一个因素是，人性这个概念常常被滥用作一块盾牌，在它的保护下，一些最不人道的行为才得以发生。比如说，从亚里士多德直到18世纪，大多数思想家都以人性的名义维护奴隶制而为了证明资本主义社会形态的合理性及必要性，学者们试图证明贪婪，竞争和自私是人类天生的特点。由此可知，作者提到亚里士多德是为了证明“人性”的概念被用来为社会罪恶辩护，故选B。
【64题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段的Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution（一旦人类开始被看作是在进化的过程中发展起来的）可知，人类进化过程中所发展出来的“人的本质”不止一种，那么人的本质只有一种物质的观点是站不住脚的，故untenable相当于indefensible意为“站不住脚的”，故选D。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的 but there was agreement that such an essence exists – that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.（，但是大家都一致地认为，这样一种本性是确实存在着的，也就是说，确实有这样一种东西，由于它人才成为其为人。因而，人就被定义为一种理性的生物，一种社会动物，一种能制造工具的动物或者一种会制造符号的动物。）由此可知，大多数传统哲学家认为，人性是人区别于其他动物的品质。故选A。
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank
A
There is an English saying: “Laughter is best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors ___66___ (begin) to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really ___67___ improve people’s health.
Tests were done to study the effects of laughter on the human body. People watched funny films ___68___ doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. The doctors found that laughter has similar effects ___69___ physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. ___70___ laughter exercises the body, it must be helpful.
Other tests have shown that laughter seems to be able to reduce the effects of pain on the body. In one experiment, doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes. The group that tolerated the pain for ___71___ (long) time was the group which listened to a funny programme. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be ___72___ it helps produce a kind of chemical in the brain which can diminish both stress and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States have set up laughter clinics, ___73___ they help improve their patients’ condition by ___74___(encourage) them to laugh. They have found that ___75___ their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce good effects similar to those caused by laughter.
【答案】66. have begun
67. can 68. while/when
69. to 70. If
71. the longest
72. that 73. where
74. encouraging
75. even if
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是研究人员研究表明笑对人的身体健康有帮助。
【66题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而现在，医生们已经开始研究笑声及其对人体的影响。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语，再根据语境，医生们“开始”研究笑声，此处强调对现在的影响故用现在完成时，又因主语是doctors，故填have begun。
【67题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：他们发现笑确实可以改善人们的健康。分析句子结构可知，空处填情态动词，再根据句意可知，笑声能够（can）改善人们的健康，can用于肯定句时表示能够做某事，故填can。
【68题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：当医生检查他们的心脏、血压、呼吸和肌肉时，人们观看有趣的电影。分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词引导时间状语从句，再结合句意可知，医生让受调查者观看有趣的电影的时候，来观测他们的心脏、血压等，故此处用when或者while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，故填while/when。
【69题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：医生们发现笑和体育锻炼有相似的效果。根据句意可知，similar to意为“和……相似”，故填to。
【70题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：如果笑能锻炼身体，那一定很有帮助。分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词引导状语从句，再根据句意可知，如果笑能锻炼身体，一定是很有帮助的，故此处用if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，故填If。
【71题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：忍受疼痛时间最长的一组是听滑稽节目的一组。根据句意可知，忍受疼痛最长时间的受试者是听滑稽节目的那一组，此处是暗含最高级的用法，故填the longest。
【72题详解】
考查连接词。句意：笑可以减轻疼痛的原因似乎是它有助于在大脑中产生一种化学物质，可以减轻压力和疼痛。分析句子结构可知，the reason why…is(seems to be) that…是固定句型，意为“为什么……的原因是（似乎是）……”，故填that。
【73题详解】
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是laughter clinics在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where引导非限制定语从句，故填where。
【74题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，by是介词，其后要用动名词，故填encouraging。
【75题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：他们发现，即使他们的病人真的不想打笑，让他们微笑就足以产生类似于笑的效果。分析句子结构可知，that的宾语从句是由状语从句充当，故空处填从属连词，再结合句意可知，即使病人不想笑，但让他们微笑就能产生类似于笑的效果，故用even if引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”，故填even if。
B
You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. "They" did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. "They" are wrong and bad, and life is terrible ___76___ "they" are around. Or you may blame yourself ___77___ all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. ___78___ happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and ___79___ storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain ___80___ (need)for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, but their experience of life is worlds apart. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel ___81___it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. ___82___with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on ___83___(be) a powerful creative force in his life.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. In every moment and every circumstance, you ___84___ choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention ___85___ (transform) the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
【答案】76. as long as
77. for 78. Whatever
79. that 80. needed
81. as if 82. Another
83. to be 84. can
85. to transform
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的“受害者”，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的“缔造者”。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态从命运的“受害者”变成自己命运的主宰者。
【76题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：“他们”是错误的、糟糕的，只要有“他们”在，生活就是可怕的。分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词引导状语从句，再根据句意可知，只要“他们”在，生活就是可怕的，故用as long as引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，故填as long as。
【77题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：或者你可能会为你所有的问题责备自己，从而将你的受害内化。根据句意可知，blame oneself for sth.是固定搭配，意为“因某事责备某人自己”，故填for。
【78题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：他们知道自己有弱点，但失败了也不会自责。无论发生什么事，他们都有选择的余地。分析句子结构可知，空处用从属连词引导状语从句，再结合前文可知，那些成为创造者的人不会被左右，故无论什么样的情况，都给自己选择的机会，故用whatever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，相当于no matter what，其中what做happens的主语，故填Whatever。
【79题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他们相信他们与生命中每一个神圣的时刻共舞是上天的赠与，风暴是生命中自然的一部分，它能带来所需的雨水或情感和精神的成长。分析句子结构可知，(that) their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift是宾语从句，因宾语从句的语义完整，that没有语义不充当成分，故可以略去；storms are a natural part of life也是一个句子，且语义和and前的句子并列，所以句子为宾语从句的并列句，第二个that不能省略，故填that。
【80题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们相信他们与生命中每一个神圣的时刻共舞是一份礼物，风暴是生命中自然的一部分，它能带来所需的情感和精神的成长的雨水。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再根据句意可知，rain和need是被动关系，故此处用过去分词做rain的后置定语，故填needed。
【81题详解】
考查表语从句连词。句意：一个人在失去工作或一段特殊的关系时，可能会觉得这是世界末日，陷入数月、数年甚至一生的痛苦之中。分析句子结构可知，空处填连接词引导表语从句，再结合语义可知，一些人丢了工作或某种关系时，感觉好像世界末日到来了，故用as if引导表语从句，意为“好像”，故填as if。
【82题详解】
考查代词。句意：另一个有同样经历的人可能会选择先经历悲伤。分析句子结构可知，因为句中缺主语，故空处填代词，one....another“ 一个.....另一个......”。故填Another。
【83题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然后接受损失，很快成为生活中强大的创造力。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再结合语义可知，此处用不定式表示“将要做”，to be意为“成为”，故填to be。
【84题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：在每一个时刻、每一种情况下，你都可以通过设定一个明确的意图来改变内在的受害者，通过邀请强大的创造者进入你的生活，从而选择拥有更充实、更丰富的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处填情态动词，再结合句意可知，can用于肯定句中，表示“能够”，与句意相符，故填can。
【85题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在每一个时刻、每一种情况下，你都可以通过设定一个明确的意图来改变内在的受害者，通过邀请强大的创造者进入你的生活，从而选择拥有更充实、更丰富的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再结合句意可知，空处填不定式做目的状语，故填to transform。
【点睛】判断未给词的空是情态动词的方法是：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。第9小题就是借助这种方法进行判断。
Section B
86. Sound political relations __________ between the two countries, to which China pays close attention. （为经贸合作奠定了坚实的基础）
【答案】lay a solid foundation for economic and trade cooperation
【解析】
【详解】考查固定词组和时态。句意：良好的政治关系为两国经贸合作奠定了坚实的基础，中方对此高度重视。根据句意可知，lay a solid foundation for是固定词组，意为“为……奠定基础”，economic and trade cooperation意为“经贸合作”，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填lay a solid foundation for economic and trade cooperation。
87. Starting March 1, Shanghai will __________(发布公共场所禁烟令，launch), approved by the city's top legislature.
【答案】launch a ban on public smoking
【解析】
【详解】考查固定词组。句意：从3月1日起，上海将实施一项禁止在公共场所吸烟的禁令。根据句意可知，launch意为“发起、实施”，on后加某一方面，ban意为“禁止、禁令”，public smoking意为“在公共场所吸烟”，因空前是will，所以launch用原型，故填launch a ban on public smoking。
88. Children have to compete with each other since they are very young, __________. （这给他们带来了日益增加的心理压力）
【答案】which bring them increasing psychological pressure.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们从很小就开始互相竞争，这给他们带来了越来越大的心理压力。分析句子结构可知，空处填非限制性定语从句，bring是双宾动词，increasing在此处做形容词，意为“越来越多的”，psychological pressure意为“心理压力”，又因先行词是空前的内容，故用关系代词which指代前文内容，且在从句中做主语，故填which bring them increasing psychological pressure。
89. ____________ （更多地接触英国文学，expose ）proves to be one of the effective ways to improve one’s command of English.
【答案】Being exposed to more English literature
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：多接触英语文学是提高英语水平的有效途径之一。根据句意和提示信息可知，be exposed to意为“暴露在、暴露于”，English literature意为“英语文学”，又因为句子缺少主语，故将be变为其动名词形式，综上，故填Being exposed to more English literature。
90. ____________ （人们对于电子产品司空见惯，So）that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.
【答案】So used to electronic products are people
【解析】
【详解】考查so…that倒装句。句意：人们对电子产品如此习以为常，很难想象没有它们的生活会是什么样子。根据句意可知，so…that…用于引导结果状语从句，其中so用于置于句首时，主句用全部倒装，be used to 名词，是固定搭配，意为“习惯于某事”，故此句的陈述语序为people are so used to electronic products，故填So used to electronic products are people。
91. Taking up a job that is worth doing __________.（能给人带来精神上的满足感）
【答案】can give/bring people mental/spiritual satisfaction
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：从事一份值得做的工作可以给人们带来精神上的满足。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语及其他部分，根据句意可知，give和bring为双宾动词，mental/spiritual satisfaction意为“精神上的满足”，故填can give/bring people mental/spiritual satisfaction。
92. __________ （终生学习是一项重要的处世哲学），usually fired by curiosity and passion.
【答案】lifelong learning is an important philosophy of life
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：终身学习是一种重要的人生哲学，它通常由好奇心和激情所激发。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主干部分，lifelong learning意为“终身学习”，philosophy of life意为“人生哲学”，又因为此句陈述的是事实性信息，故用一般现在时，故填lifelong learning is an important philosophy of life。
93. __________（难怪他取得了这么大的进步），for he has improved the way of analysis.
【答案】No wonder he has made such great progress.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：难怪他取得了这么大的进步，因为他改进了分析的方法。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主干部分（主句），根据句意可知，“no wonder 从句”是固定句型，意为“难怪”，因为for后时态使用的现在完成时，此处也可使用现在完成时，make great progress意为“取得进步”，故填No wonder he has made such great progress。
94. The complex changes in international situations __________.(为中国提供了新的机遇和挑战，provide）
【答案】have provided China with new challenges and opportunities
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定词组。句意：国际形势的复杂变化给中国带来了新的挑战和机遇。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态及其他部分，根据句意可知，此句阐述的事实强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时，provide sb. with sth.意为“为某人提供某物”，表示“机遇和挑战”应用复数名词challenges and opportunities，作宾语，由new修饰。故填have provided China with new challenges and opportunities。
95. An educational programme should be launched to teach young people __________ .(在面临冲突时如何作出积极的选择)
【答案】how to make positive choices when faced with conflicts.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：应该开展一项教育方案，教青年人如何在面临冲突时作出积极的选择。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少宾语的部分，根据句意可知，疑问词 to do可做宾语，when在此处引导状语从句，因从句部分的主语和其前人称一致时省略主语和be动词的部分，省略前的句子是when young people are faced with conflicts，综上，故填how to make positive choices when faced with conflicts。
96. Anne Frank’s Diary is a mirror of history, _________ （提醒我们战争多么残酷，remind）and we should try our best to keep peace.
【答案】reminding us that how cruel war is
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和感叹句。句意：安妮·弗兰克的日记是一面历史的镜子，它提醒我们战争是多么残酷，我们应该尽我们最大的努力来维护和平。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再结合语义可知，remind此处用主动形式做伴随状语，其后加宾语从句，how adj 主语 be是感叹句的固定句型，又因句子用一般现在时，此处也用一般现在时，综上，故填reminding us that how cruel war is。
97. The governments are working hard together _______.（缩小贫富差距）
【答案】to shorten ##narrow the gap between the rich and the poor
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府正在共同努力缩小贫富差距。分析句子结构可知，空处填不定式做目的状语，根据句意可知，shorten/narrow the gap意为“缩小差距”，the adj表示一类人，综上，故填to shorten/narrow the gap between the rich and the poor。
98. China is now implementing the "Internet Plus" action plan and more and more people are beginning __________. （关注共享经济）
【答案】to pay attention to sharing economy
【解析】
【详解】考查固定词组和动词不定式。句意：中国正在实施“互联网 ”行动计划，越来越多的人开始关注共享经济。根据句意可知，begin to do意为“开始做……”，pay attention to意为“注意”，其中to是介词，其后动词用ing形式，综上，故填to pay attention to sharing economy。
99. When you are weighed down by the problems, please bear in mind that __________.（即使失败也能激发新的想法）
【答案】even failures can inspire fresh ideas/ new ideas.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：当你被这些问题压得喘不过气来的时候，请记住，即使失败也能激发新的想法。分析句子结构可知，空处填从句部分，根据句意可知，inspire fresh ideas/ new ideas意为“激发新想法”，even意为“甚至”，故填even failures can inspire fresh ideas/ new ideas。
100. The Smart phone has no fault in itself, and ________ (问题在于如何明智地利用好它)
【答案】the problem is how to make wise use of it
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：智能手机本身没有缺点，问题是如何明智地使用它。分析句子结构可知，and后加分句，make use of意为“利用”，how to do sth.意为“怎样做”，又因为此句陈述的是一般性的事实，故用一般现在时，故填the problem is how to make wise use of it。
Section C
101. 均衡的膳食，适当的体育锻炼，对生活积极的态度有助于人们保持健康。（maintain）
【答案】A well-balanced diet, proper physical exercise and positive attitudes towards life help people maintain good health.
【解析】
【详解】考查连词、时态和动词。根据句意可知，a well-balanced diet意为“均衡
饮食”，physical exercise意为“体育锻炼”，positive attitudes towards sth.意为“对某事持有积极的态度”，maintain good health意为“保持健康”，help sb. do意为“帮助某人做”，又因为此处阐述的是一般性的事实信息，故用一般现在时，故翻译为A well-balanced diet, proper physical exercise and positive attitudes towards life help people maintain good health。
102. 诺贝尔和平奖授予那些为世界和平做出巨大贡献的人士或组织。(award)
【答案】The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to those people or organizations that have made great contributions for the world peace.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和定语从句。根据句意可知，be awarded to sb.意为“颁奖给……”，make great contribution for sth.意为“为……做出巨大贡献”；再分析句子结构可知，“为世界和平做出巨大贡献的”是句子修饰“人士或组织”，故此处用定语从句，因为先行词即有人又有物，故用关系代词that引导定语从句，从句中时态使用现在完成时强调“做出贡献”所带来的影响，综上，故翻译为The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to those people or organizations that have made great contributions for the world peace。
103. 我们老师鼓励我们通过反思自己学习经历来找到提高自己学习效率的有效方法。（approach）
【答案】Our teacher encourages us to find out effective approaches to improving our learning efficiency by reflecting on our learning experience.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、名词和时态。根据句意可知，encourage sb. to do意为“鼓励某人做某事”，find out意为“找到”，approach to 名词/动名词，意为“某事/做某事的方法”，其中to是介词，其后加动名词，reflect on意为“仔细考虑、反省”，learning efficiency意为“学习效率”，learning experience意为“学习经验”，又因为此句阐述的是一般性事实信息，故用一般现在时，故翻译为Our teacher encourages us to find out effective approaches to improving our learning efficiency by reflecting on our learning experience。
104. 虽然这位考生之前出色的表现给面试官印象深刻，但由于对目前的国际形势一无所知，他未能得到他心仪已久的工作。（despite）
【答案】Despite the fact that the candidate’s outstanding performance left a deep impression on all the interviewers, he didn’t get the job he had been dreaming of, because he knew nothing about the current international situation.
【解析】
【详解】考查despite的用法、时态以及状语从句。根据句意可知，despite意为“虽然、尽管”，其后加名词，outstanding performance意为“出色的表现”，leave an impression on sb.意为“给某人留下深刻印象”，dream of意为“梦想”，current international situation意为“目前的国际形势”；分析句子结构可知，the fact后加同位语从句用来解释说明fact的内容，he had been dreaming of是定语从句修饰the job，because用来引导原因状语从句，又因为此句描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时，综上，故翻译为Despite the fact that the candidate’s outstanding performance left a deep impression on all the interviewers, he didn’t get the job he had been dreaming of, because he knew nothing about the current international situation。
