八年级英语下册Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world? 单元总结
1、 必背短语
1.最古老的国家之一one of the oldest countries
2.随意地做某事feel free to do sth.
3.据我所知as far as I know
4.最高的山脉the highest mountain
5.其他任何一座山any other mountain
6.在所有的咸水湖中of all the salt lakes
7.绵延run along
8.呼吸空气take in air
9.面对…in the face of
10.放弃做某事give up doing sth.
11.实现某人的梦想achieve one’ s dream
12.虽然；尽管even though
13.出生时at birth
14.兴奋地跑过去run over with excitement
15.撞到某人walk into sb.
16.摔倒fall over
17.每两年every two years
18. 砍伐森林cut down the forests
19.濒危动物endangered animals
20.处于危险之中be in danger
21.大熊猫越来越少fewer and fewer pandas
22. …的重要性the importance of
23.What’s the 形容词最高级 名词 in the world? 世界上最....的....是什么？
24. one of the 形容词最高级 可数名词复数 最....的....之一
25. There be sb/sth doing.....有某人/物正在做某
25.protect....from/against doing保护....使不受；防御
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. about 9,600,000 square kilometres in size (P. 49)
square用作形容词，表示"平方的"，用于数字后面表示面积。
Our new house is 95 square metres in size.
2. 1,025 meters deep. (P. 49)
英语中常见的长宽高的表达方式为：基数词 单位词 形容词(long, wide, high, deep)。
The rope is two meters long.
3. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. (P. 49)
any other意为"其他任何一个"，后接可数名词单数，常用于比较级结构中，表示最高级含义，可与"the other 可数名词复数"或者the others互换。
Peter runs faster than any other student/the other students/the others in his class.
4. China has the biggest population in the world. (P. 50)
population表示"人口"，是集合名词，对人口数量提问时，用what而不用how many/much，population若作主语，强调整体概念时，谓语用单数形式，强调个体时，谓语用复数形式。
What's the population in China now?
The population of this small town is three thousand.
More than one fifth of the population of the country are over 60 years old.
5. The main reason was to protect their part of the country. (P. 50)
protect表示"保护"时，常用的结构为：protect...from..."保护……免受……"。
Humans should do something to protect the environment.
The sunglasses will protect you from sunshine.
6. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this. (P. 50)
as far as I know意为"就我所知、我认为"，相当于as far as I am concerned。
As far as I know, he'll be away from three months.
7. One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. (P. 51)
"one of the 形容词最高级 复数可数名词"指在某一个范围内"最……之一"，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Mary is one of the best students in our class.
8. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. (P. 51)
include表示"包含、包括"，强调一个整体里面包含一些部分，including常用作介词，表示"包括"。
The book includes eight units.
He has many friends, including Tom.
9. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. (P. 51)
take in意为"吸收"。
Do you know how plants take in water?
10. The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. (P. 51)
succeed表示"成功"，常用的结构为：succeed to do sth.或者succeed in doing sth."成功做成某事"。
The climbers succeeded to get to the top of the mountain in the end.
=The climbers succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain in the end.
11. One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. (P. 51)
(1) challenge意为"挑战、考验"，challenge sb. to (do) sth.表示"向……某人挑战做某事"。
He challenged me to play chess.
(2) in the face意为"面对（问题或者困难）"
They showed courage in the face of danger.
12. The spirit these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. (P. 51)
achieve用作动词，表示"达到、完成、成功"。
I believe you will achieve your dream in the end.
13. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous. (P. 51)
even though意为"即使、虽然"，相当于even if，引导让步状语从句。
Even though Frank left school at 16, he still became a successful writer.
Section B
1. weighs 5,0000 kilos (P. 53)
weigh此处作动词，表示"有……重"，名词是weight。
The baby weighed about 5 kilometres.
What is his weight?
2. This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. (P. 53)
"倍数 比较级 than"表示"比……大/多多少倍"。
The room looks three times bigger than that one.
3. At birth, a baby panda is about...(P. 53)
at birth表示"出生时"。
The baby weighed three kilometres at birth.
4. A panda can live up to...(P. 53)
up to表示"达到（某种数量或者程度）"
The theatre can hold up to 500 people.
【拓展】be up to sb."由某人决定"
You can leave today or tomorrow. It is up to you.
5. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas' breakfast. (P. 54)
① prepare for sth."为……做准备"
They are preparing for the party tonight.
② prepare...for..."为……准备……"
We should prepare some sweets for Children's Day.
③ be prepared for"为……作准备"
The players are well prepared for the match.
6. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry. (P. 54)
awake用作形容词，表示"醒着的"，反义词是asleep。
Is the baby asleep or awake?
7. Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. (P. 54)
or so意为"大约"，放在数量词后面，表示大约的概念。
There are 30 workers or so in the factory.
【语法讲解】
（1） 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
① 形容词比较级的变化规则。
I. 规则变化
II. 不规则变化
② 形容词比较级用法。
I. 比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为"A is 比较级 than B"。
e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。
2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。
II. 表示两者之间选择，用"which/who is 比较级，A or B？"表示"两者之间较……之一"时，用"the 比较级"结构。
e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？
2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。
III."越来越……"用"比较级and 比较级"结构，多音节和部分双音节词用"more and more 原级"。
e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。
2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。
IV. 表示"越……越……"时，用"the 比较级，the 比较级"结构。
e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。
③ 形容词最高级用法。
I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为"the 最高级 in/of 范围"。
e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
2. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。
II. 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用"which/who is the 最高级，A, B or C？"。
e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？
III. 表示"最……之一"用"one of the最高级 可数名词复数"。
e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示"第几……"。
e.g: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。
V. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。
例如：
He is taller than any other boy in our class.
= He is taller than the other boys in our class.
= He is the tallest boy in our class.
注意比较以下两个句子：
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内）
= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范围之外）
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