Striped narrow-headed softshell turtle fact file
关于东南亚小头鳖目前所了解的资料，接下来用一段原文，一段中文大意的方式描述：
Striped narrow-headed softshell turtle description
The magnificent striped narrow-headed softshell turtle (Chitra chitra) is one of the largest freshwater turtles , with a carapace reaching impressive lengths of up to 122 centimetres . This species is easily distinguished from other softshell turtles by the exquisite, boldly striped pattern of dark wavy lines on the upper surface of its head, neck, and shell .
The striped narrow-headed softshell turtle has a light brown to yellowish-browncarapace which can be rounded or slightly elongated , and the plastron is cream-coloured to pinkish-white, with no pattern or markings . The head is long and narrow, with the eyes close to the tip of the snout . Adult male striped narrow-headed softshell turtles can be distinguished from females and juveniles by their longer, thicker tails.
Also known as：Southeast Asian narrow-headed softshell turtle, striped giant soft-shelled turtle.
Size：Carapace length: up to 122 cm
Weight：up to 202 kg
描述：最大的淡水龟鳖之一，布满几何条纹的外貌易与其他物种区分，背甲黄棕色，腹甲白色，头长而狭小，眼睛靠近口鼻部尖端，成年个体可通过尾部判断性别，雄性尾长且粗。最大甲长122cm，最大体重202kg。
Striped narrow-headed softshell turtle biology
This aquatic species lives and feeds in the water, rarely venturing on land, possibly only doing so to nest. The striped narrow-headed softshell turtle digs a 50 to 75 centimetre-deep nest cavity into the river bank, into which 60 to 117 round, white eggs are deposited before the rainy season. After the eggs have been laid, the female will use her forelimbs to cover them up with sand .
The striped narrow-headed softshell turtle is carnivorous, feeding on fish, prawns, crabs and clams. To catch fish, the neck is rapidly outstretched and the fish is seized in the mouth as it swims by .
习性：完全水栖，除非产卵极少上岸，河岸边挖掘的的产卵点深50~75cm，在雨季前产60~117枚白色卵，然后用前肢将沙埋回挖的产卵点。肉食性，吃鱼虾蟹蚌，采用和鼋一样的伏击策略，快速伸长脖子抓住经过的猎物。
Striped narrow-headed softshell turtle range
The two subspecies of the striped narrow-headed softshell turtle have slightly different distributions. Chitra chitra chitra is restricted to the Mae Klong and Chao Phraya basins of western Thailand and the Tahan river basin of Peninsular Malaysia, while Chitra chitra javanica is found only on the islands of Sumatra and Java in Indonesia.
分布：两个亚种的分布区域不同，暹罗小头鳖分布于泰国西部的湄公河和湄南河流域和马来西亚半岛的大汉溪流域，爪哇小头鳖则分布于印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛和爪哇岛。
Striped narrow-headed softshell turtle habitat
A freshwater aquatic species, the striped narrow-headed softshell turtle prefers large rivers with clear, flowing water and sandy bottoms.
栖息地：干净流动且有底砂的大江大河。
Striped narrow-headed softshell turtle status
The striped narrow-headed softshell turtle is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List and is listed on Appendix II of CITES .
濒危等级：IUCN：极危【距野外灭绝只有一步之遥，由此可见它比印度小头鳖更加危险】，CITES：附录2.
Striped narrow-headed softshell turtle threats
Like many tortoises and turtles of Southeast Asia, the striped narrow-headed softshell turtle has been intensively exploited and over-collected from the wild for the Asian food market and international pet trade. Indeed, adult striped narrow-headed softshell turtles are prized as status symbol pets in Thailand, where commercial breeding farms have often taken dozens of animals from the wild without producing a single captive-bred hatchling.
In addition, the striped narrow-headed softshell turtle has suffered badly from habitat destruction caused by deforestation in Indonesia, as a result of conversion into agricultural land, human settlements, logging operations and forest fires.
In Thailand, river pollution and alteration, including sand dredging and dam and reservoir construction, have also dramatically impacted turtle populations. Striped narrow-headed softshell turtles are now frequently seen in reservoirs or in densely settled downstream river sections, rather than their preferred habitat of clear, fresh-flowing water. Periodic water releases from reservoirs put important nesting sites at risk of inundation.
These combined threats have left the striped narrow-headed softshell turtle in a highly precarious position, so much so that, in 2003, it was officially recognised as one of the world’s top 25 most endangered turtles.
威胁因素：和亚洲其他龟鳖一样，东南亚小头鳖被作为食物滥捕或者国际宠物贸易，值得一提的是，在泰国，巨大的东南亚小头鳖会被当做社会地位的象征，当地的繁殖场大量捕捉成年个体却一直未繁殖出幼苗。此外，印尼的个体因为栖息地的破坏而越来越少。泰国的河水污染和河底挖沙、修建水库大坝等行为正严重影响它们的种群数量，现在，东南亚小头鳖经常被看到聚集在水库或者下游隔绝河段，回不到生存所需的清澈流动的水域，定期的水库开闸泄洪也对下游河岸产下的卵造成毁灭性的打击。正因为这些威胁因素，在2003年，东南亚小头鳖成为25种最濒危的龟鳖类之一。
Striped narrow-headed softshell turtle conservation
The striped narrow-headed softshell turtle is given national protection in Indonesia under the law on Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and their Ecosystems. This prohibits utilisation of the species in any form, except with special permission for circumstances such as research or captive breeding. In Thailand, this turtle is specifically protected under the Wild Animals Reservation and Protection ACT (WARPA), which controls hunting, trade, possession, import, export and commercial breeding of wildlife .
Furthermore, numerous protected areas with important wetland habitat that may contain this species exist in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, where collecting or disturbance of wildlife is prohibited, although its presence in these protected areas is largely unconfirmed. However, enforcement of protection laws and prevention of encroachment into protected areas are often constrained by lack of resources .
Captive breeding projects have been established for this turtle in Thailand, but these have been only moderately successful, with the species so far breeding poorly under captive conditions . Thus, it has been advocated that the striped narrow-headed softshell turtle, as one of the world’s 25 most endangered turtles, should be upgraded to Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), with prohibitions on hunting for food and the pet trade strictly enforced .
Additionally, the formation of protected areas within the striped narrow-headed softshell turtle’s range must continue if there is to be any chance of winning the battle to save this huge, exquisite, Critically Endangered turtle.
保育：印尼、马来西亚和泰国都对其给予法律保护和划分保护区，但作用有限，执行力度也不够，泰国官方保育机构在保育方面有所成就，但因为人工饲养难度大，保育后代非常有限，因此我们建议将其提升到CITES附录1物种，严格禁止捕*和宠物贸易，希望保护区能发挥应有作用来保护这种巨大美丽而又极其濒危的鳖类。
我做成图片了，大家将就看看，这一种非常漂亮
