Hello, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish and in this lesson, I'm going to go over ten advanced English adjectives. And I want to do that for two reasons.
大家好，我是Emma，欢迎来到Emma的美味英语，在本节课程中，我将带大家学习十个高级英语形容词。我这么做呢，有两个原因。
Firstly, to help you expand your vocabulary and help you to express yourself in interesting ways but also because these advanced English adjectives can be quite tricky to pronounce.
They have several syllables, consonant clusters and quite a few different stress patterns.
首先是帮助大家扩充词汇量，帮助大家以更加有趣的方式表达自己，但也是因为这些高级英语形容词发音可能会有点点复杂。它们包含几个音节、辅音丛，还有一些不同的重音结构。
So today I want to show you how you can use these adjectives correctly and accurately so that you can sound more sophisticated when you speak in English. . . . . . .
所以今天呢，我想给大家看一下该如何正确地使用这些形容词，这样你们在说英语的时候听起来就会更加高级。
We've got ten adjectives to get through so let's just dive straight into this lesson and get started. Our first adjective is 'explicit'.
我们有十个形容词要学习，所以让我们直接进入正题，开始学习吧。我们的第一个形容词是“明确的”。
Say it with me. Explicit. There's a really tricky consonant cluster in there.
和我一起念，明确的。这里面有一个非常复杂的辅音丛。
Explicit. So the stress there is on the second syllable but all of the vowel sounds are short.
明确的。这里的重音是在第二个音节上，但是所有的元音都非常简短。
Now if something is explicit, it's said or it's explained in an extremely clear way like you can't doubt what the meaning is if it's explicit.
Now you often see it being used when people are giving instructions or warnings or even threats so it's quite serious, this word.
如果某件事情很明确的话，那么这件事情就是以一种非常清晰的方式叙述或者是解释，如果很明确的话，你就不会怀疑这到底是什么意思。你经常会看到当人们给予指导或者是警告，甚至是威胁的时候会使用这个单词，所以这是个非常严肃的单词呢。
He gave explicit instructions to turn the gas off after an hour. As with many, many English adjectives we can add -ly to the end of this one to create the adverb 'explicitly'.
他给予了明确的指示，要在一个小时之后关上天然气。很多英语形容词我们都可以在后面加上-ly，这个单词后面加上-ly之后就变成了副词‘明确地’。
I explicitly told you to stay in this room until I returned. Exponential.
我明确地告诉过你在我回来之前都要呆在这间房子里。越来越快的。
Hear that stress? Exponential.
听到重音了吗？越来越快的。
We use this word to talk about growth. When something is growing or it's increasing really, really quickly, we describe this growth as exponential.
我们用这个单词来谈论增长。当某件事物在增长，或者是增长得非常非常快的时候，我们就会以‘越来越快的’来描述。
We've seen an exponential increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the past twenty years. Now again the adverb 'exponentially' can be used to modify a verb.
在过去的二十年中，我们见证了大气中温室气体越来越快的增长。同样的，副词‘越来越快地’可以用来修饰一个动词。
Company profits grew exponentially throughout 2019. That means they increased rapidly or really, really quickly.
公司利润在2019年增长得越来越快。意思就是增长得非常非常非常快。
Now I want you to think of a way to use this word in a sentence yourself.
You could choose either the adjective or the adverb but I want you to write it in the comments below so that I can give you some feedback and help you to increase your English skills exponentially.
现在我想让大家想一想自己造个句子，在句子中使用这个单词。你可以使用形容词或者是动词，但是我希望大家写在下方的评论处，这样我就可以给大家一些反馈，帮助大家快速提升英语水平。
Specific. Now although this word is quite common, it's also quite commonly mispronounced, especially as an adverb.
特定的。尽管这个单词非常常见，它经常也被误读，尤其是作为副词的时候。
Specific. The stress is on that middle syllable.
特定的。重音是在中间的音节上。
There are specific areas within the festival where children are not allowed. For specific instructions, please refer to the guide.
艺术节有一些特定的区域孩子不能去。欲知详细指导，请询问导游。
Now we can use the adverb 'specifically' to express very similar ideas. Specifically. It's not Specifically.
我们可以使用副词‘特定地’来表达相似的意思。特定地。不是特定地。
They bought the land specifically to establish a vineyard. Please answer the questions as specifically as you can.
他们特意买了这块土地来建立一个葡萄园。请尽量详细地回答这些问题。
So we know that adding -ly to an adjective to create an adverb is a really common pattern in English?
It happens all the time but when an adjective ends in the sound like 'specific', we don't pronounce the syllable before the -ly and there's lots of examples of this.
我们知道在形容词后面加-ly来创造一个副词在英文中是非常常见的模式。这种情况总是会出现，但是当形容词像‘specific’这样结尾的话，我们不会把-ly之前的音节念出来，这样的例子是很多的。
Realistically. Strategically.
实事求是地。策略性地。
Logically. They're all pronounced in the same way just like 'specifically'.
逻辑清晰地。他们的发音方式和‘特定地’是一样的。
Colloquial. That's another tricky consonant cluster. That/kw/.
口语的。那是另一个复杂的辅音丛。就是/kw/。
Colloquial. Now you've probably heard me or another English teacher using this word before because it's related to language and it shows that a word is used in an informal conversation rather than in formal language or in written English.
口语的。你们可能听过我或者是其他的英语老师之前说的这个单词，因为它是和语言相关的，它的意思是一个单词是用在非正式的对话当中，而不是正式的语言或者是书面英语中。
That English expression is quite colloquial. Quite colloquial.
那个英语表达非常的口语化。非常口语化。
It's a bit of a tongue twister. We use that word colloquially.
有点饶舌呢。我们会在口语中使用那个单词。
So I want you to think of an example of an English expression, maybe an idiom that is quite colloquial and add it into the comments below. We'll see how many colloquial expressions we can get down there.
我想让大家思考一个英语表达的例子，可能是一个非常口语化的习语，然后把它添加在评论区。让我们来看一下可以在下面看到多少口语表达。
delicate. Listen to the stress pattern there.
精致的。仔细听一下这里的重音结构。
Our first syllable is stressed and the last one is unstressed. Delicate.
我们的第一个音节是重读的，最后一个是非重读的。精致的。
You hear that schwa sound in the final syllable, it's not/ˈdelikeit/. It's 'delicate'.
你可以听到最后一个音节的中元音，不是/ˈdelikeit/。是‘delicate’。
And we also use the adverb 'delicately' as well. Now these words, they have quite a few meanings but it's often used to describe flavour or smell or color that is really pleasant and not too strong.
我们也会使用副词‘精致地’。这些单词呢都有不同的意思，但是通常是用来描述味道、气味或者是颜色，非常沁人心脾赏心悦目，但是并不很重。
So we could say: The flavours of this dish are quite delicate.
所以我们可以说：这道菜的味道非常清香。
Now we also use it when something is done in a really careful way so that it's not damaged. He placed the fruit delicately into a box.
当某件事情是以一种非常小心的方式完成，所以没有损坏的时候，我们也会使用它。他把水果小心翼翼地放回了箱子中。
But we also use it when something is done in a careful way so that people are not upset or annoyed. We need to handle this situation very delicately.
但是当某件事情完成得非常认真，所以没有人生气难过的时候，我们也会使用这个单词。我们需要小心处理这个情况。
If you had a friend and you had to tell them something that you knew would upset them or maybe hurt their feelings but it had to be said, you would want to do it delicately, you would want to say it to them delicately. Carefully.
如果你有个朋友得告诉他们你知道的事情，但是会让他们难过，或者是让他们受伤，但是必须得说出来，你就需要小心谨慎地来处理，你需要小心谨慎地告诉他们。非常小心地。
Coherent. I love this adjective.
一致的。我喜欢这个形容词。
Can you hear where the stressed syllable is? Coherent.
你能听到重音在哪里吗？一致的。
It's that vowel sound in the middle. Coherent.
是中间的元音音节。一致的。
So when something or someone communicates in a really clear and sensible way that people can understand, that's coherent. The minister offered a clear and coherent explanation for the tax increase.
当某件事情或者是某个人以一种非常清晰的大家可以理解的方式进行沟通的时候，就是一致的。部长就税收增加给予了明确一致的解释。
The opposite is 'incoherent'. We could say:
反义词是“不一致的”。我们可以说：
The email that he sent was poorly written and quite incoherent. We want to make sure that you are very coherent when you're using English.
他发的那封邮件写的很烂，前后都不一致。我们想要确定的是，你在使用英语的时候是前后一致的。
Eloquent. So the first syllable is stressed and the other two reduce down to become the schwa sound.
能言善辩的。这里的重读是第一个音节，另外两个音节弱化成了中元音。
Eloquent. And just like 'colloquial', this adjective is related to language, okay?
能言善辩的。就像‘口语化’的一样，这个形容词也是和语言相关的，对吧？
It's used when someone expresses themselves really clearly and effectively. And almost beautifully.
当有人非常清晰非常有效地表达自己的时候，就会使用这个词。而且表达非常优美。
She gave an eloquent speech at the gala dinner. Or he spoke eloquently about his journey of personal development.
她在盛会晚宴发表了非常具有说服力的演讲。或者是他就自己的个人发展之旅说得非常流利。
Exquisite. Now a lot of these adjectives that we've been talking about today have this consonant cluster.
精湛的。我们今天讨论的很多形容词都有这个辅音丛。
Exquisite. Now the stress here is on the middle syllable.
精湛的。这里的重音是在中间的音节上。
And at the end, often when a word ends in an E that's silent in English, often it extends the vowel sound out. But not here, this last syllable is really short.
在最后呢，一般来说一个英语中的单词如果是以不发音的E结尾的话，那么它就会把元音给延长。但是这里并不是这样，最后一个音节非常短。
Exquisite. Now 'exquisite' means that something is extremely beautiful and delicate.
精湛的。‘精湛的’的意思是某件事物非常漂亮，非常精致。
We bought an exquisite hand-painted bowl from Japan. Or: Her necklace is exquisite.
我们买了一个日本产的非常精致的手工绘制的碗。或者是：她的项链非常精致。
Do you own anything that you could describe as exquisite? Let me know in the comments. I don't think I have anything that's exquisite myself except perhaps my engagement ring.
你有什么东西可以用精致来形容吗？在评论区告诉我吧。我觉得我没什么精致的东西，除了我的订婚戒指之外。
I think that's exquisite. Insatiable.
我觉得那非常的精致。贪得无厌的。
Say it with me. Insatiable. I love this adjective.
和我一起念。贪得无厌的。我喜欢这个形容词。
The second syllable is the stressed one. Insatiable.
重读的是第二个音节。贪得无厌的。
Hear how low in pitch those last two syllables are? This is a fabulous adjective that we can use when something is impossible to satisfy.
仔细听一下最后两个音节音有多低？这是一个极好的用来描述某件事物难以满足的形容词。
If you keep wanting something more and more and more, then we use 'insatiable'. It usually relates to hunger or thirst.
如果你一直想要更多的话，那我们就会使用‘贪得无厌的’。它通常是和饥饿或者是渴有关系的。
We could say: his appetite was insatiable. He didn't stop eating!
我们可以说：他的胃口超级大。他吃的停不下来！
But we can also use it when we're consuming other things as well. For example:
但是当我们消耗其他的东西的时候，也可以使用它。比如说：
The public seems to have an insatiable appetite for celebrity gossip. Or: her work ethic is insatiable. She just doesn't stop!
公众看起来对明星八卦有着难以满足的好奇。或者是：她的工作理念是一直干一直干。根本停不下来！
Mischievous. It's a tricky one. It's not/ˈmisCHiviəs/.
淘气的。这个有点难念。不是/ˈmisCHiviəs/。
There's only one I there so it's pronounced/ˈmisCHivəs/. And this is actually a really common pronunciation and spelling mistake that native speakers make.
只有一个I，所以读音是/ˈmisCHivəs/。这个发音非常常见，但是母语者都会拼错。
'Mischievous' is an adjective that describes someone, usually a child who has fun by being cheeky or silly or kind of funny. Not in a negative way at all.
‘淘气的’是一个形容词，用来描述某个人，通常是孩子非常享受放肆、扮傻或者是搞怪。但是并不是那种消极的方式。
Jack is a mischievous child. He has fun by creating trouble or disruption but that's not too serious.
杰克是个淘气的孩子。他喜欢制造麻烦或者是捣乱，但是并不是很严重。
We also use the word 'mischief' as well, which is often pronounced incorrectly as well as/mɪs'tʃɪf/. But it's/ˈmɪstʃɪf/or/ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/.
我们也会使用‘顽皮’这个单词，错把它念成/mɪs'tʃɪf/。但其实应该是/ˈmɪstʃɪf/或者是/ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/。
Do you know anyone who's a little mischievous? Or can you think of someone who sometimes gets up to mischief?
你认识有点点淘气的人吗？或者是你能想到有时候会很淘气的人吗？
Maybe a niece or a nephew or one of your kids. So I hope that you learned a few new adjectives in this lesson and that you've actually practised putting them to use this week.
可能是你的侄女啊，侄子啊，或者是自己的孩子。所以我希望你们在本节课程中可以学到一些新的形容词，可以在本周真正地使用它们。
Make sure you practise using them. Write sentences, say them out loud.
一定要练习使用它们。造句子，大声说出来。
Before we finish, let's go over the pronunciation of these words. Explicit.
在我们结束之前，让我们来复习一下这些单词的发音吧。明确的。
Exponential. Specific.
越来越快的。特定的。
Colloquial. Delicate.
口语的。精致的。
Coherent. Eloquent.
一致的。雄辩的。
Insatiable. Exquisite.
贪得无厌的。精致的。
Mischievous. Which one of those adjectives is the most difficult for you to pronounce?
淘气的。你觉得哪个单词最难发音？
Make sure you get in a little bit of extra practice this week. Write it on a sticky note.
这周一定要多加练习哦。把它给写在便利贴上。
Put it on your mirror. Every morning when you wake up, practise it ten times.
贴在镜子上。你醒来的每天早晨，都要练习十次。
Practise a sentence as well. So you can catch me on all of my social media's down here.
也要练习句子。大家可以在下面的社交媒体上面找到我。
And if you haven't subscribed yet to the mmmEnglish Channel, make sure you do because every week I upload new English lessons for you. You don't want to miss out on those.
如果你们还没有订阅美味英语频道的话，那就一定要订阅啊，因为我每周都会为大家上传新的英语课程。你肯定不想错过那些的。
And once you've done that then head over here to come and practise your pronunciation and your speaking skills with me in one of my mmmEnglish Imitation Lessons. I'll see you in there!
看完之后，再来看看这些吧，和我一起在美味英语模仿课程中练习你们的发音和口语技巧吧。再见啦！
