Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
1、housework['haʊswɜː(r)k] n.家务劳动；家务事
“housework家务活与homework家庭作业”都是不可数名词。
2、hardly ['hɑː(r)dli] adv.几乎不;几乎没有
【hard与hardly】
①两者词性不同：hard可做形容词和副词，而hardly只能用作副词。
②二者含义不同：
Hard 作形容词时有“困难的、努力的、硬的、严厉的”的含义，作副词时有“刻苦 地、猛烈地、困难地”等含义。Hardly 含义为“几乎不、几乎没有”。
hard stone 坚硬的石头 （作形容词）
hard work 困难的工作 （作形容词）
work hard 努力工作（作副词）
It is raining hard. 雨正下的很大（作副词）
=It is raining heavily.
I hardly know you. 我不认识你（广义否定副词）。
He can hardly see anything. 他几乎什么都看不见（广义否定副词）。
③二者在句子中的用法：
Hard 在句子中表示有"难的"，"硬的"意思，作副词时，有"努力地"、"猛烈地"等意思。如：We must work hard for our country. 我们必须为祖国努力学习。
Hardly 表示“简直不”、“几乎不”，在句中起否定作用。如： I could hardly write at that time. 那时我几乎不会写字。
牢记：hardly ever=almost ever，表示“几乎从不”，相当于一个频率副词。例句：
I hardly ever watch TV；I love reading. 我几乎从不看电视。我喜欢读书。
She hardly ever goes to bed before eleven o’clock.她很少在11点前上床睡觉。
3、ever ['evə(r)] adv.在任何时候；从来；曾经
4、once [wʌns] adv.一次;曾经
twice [twaɪs] adv.两倍;两次
three times三次
four times四次
five times五次
six times六次
5、Internet ['ɪntə(r)net] n.（国际）互联网；因特网
6、program ['prəʊɡræm] n.（=programme）节目
7、full [fʊl] adj.忙的;满的;充满的
fuⅡ的多层含义：
①满的；充满的；满是…的
She could only nod, because her mouth was full.她只是点点头，因为她口里塞满了东西。
②（有）大量的；（有）许多的；丰富的
The sky was full of brightly coloured fireworks.满天一片色彩绚丽的烟火。
③（关于某事物）想的很多，谈得很多
He was full of his new job and everything he’d been doing.他滔滔不绝地谈他的新工作和所做的一切。
④吃饱了的
No more for me, thanks — I’m full up.
谢谢，我不要了——我已经饱了。
⑤完全的；完整的；详尽的
A full refund will be given if the item is faculty.如货有瑕疵将退回全部货款。
⑥最高级的；尽量多的；最大量的
Many people don’t use their computers to their full potential.很多人没有充分利用他们计算机的全部潜在功能。
⑦（强调数量）足足的，整整的
She is a full four inches shorter than her sister.她比姐姐足足矮四英寸。
⑧忙的；有很多活动的
He’d had a very full life.他度过了一个经历丰富的人生。
⑨圆的；满的
The moon was full, the sky clear.圆月碧空。
⑩丰满的；圆鼓鼓的（有时用full以避免用fat）
He kissed her full sensual lips.他吻了她那丰满性感的嘴唇。
（11）宽松的；肥大的（full skirt宽裙）
（12）圆浑的；圆润的；浓郁的
He draws a unique full sound from the instrument.他用乐器奏出了独特圆浑的音调。
△full of yourself自满；自视甚高；只顾自己
记：be full of=be filled with充满，装满
The bottle is full of water.
=The bottle is filled with water.
瓶子里装满了水。
8、swing [swɪŋ] n.摇摆;秋千 v.(使)摆动；摇摆
9、swing dance摇摆舞
10、maybe['meɪbi] adv.大概;或许;可能
【maybe与may be的用法】
【Maybe】maybe在英语中用作副词，意思是“也许”或“可能”。如：
Maybe I won't go back.也许我不会回去了。
Maybe someday we can go skiing in France.也许有一天我们可以去法国滑雪。
Maybe he didn't call because he wasn't feeling well.也许他没打电话是因为他不舒服。
【Maybe在句中的位置】Maybe 可以放在句首，句中或句末。如：
①Maybe you should practice listening a bit more.也许你应该多练习一下听力。（句首）
②Yes, that could be true; or maybe he's just lonely.是的，这可能是真的;或者他只是寂寞。（句中）
③It could be an Emperor Penguin, or a King, maybe.它可能是帝企鹅，也可能是企鹅王。（句末）
注意：
①Maybe也可以单独作为问题的答案来使用，如Are you going to Rachel's party tomorrow? 你明天要去瑞秋的派对吗?Maybe.也许吧。
②Maybe 可以用Perhaps或Possibly来替换。如 If you trust Google more than your doctor, then maybe it's time to switch doctors. 如果你更信任谷歌而不是你的医生，那么也许是时候换医生了。
如果将maybe换为perhaps，则句子为：
If you trust Google more than your doctor, then perhaps it's time to switch doctors. 换为perhaps后，句子依然成立。
【May be】
May be不是副词，而是动词短语。May和be都是动词,它们合起来指的是某事发生的可能性或某事可能已经存在的可能性。
They may be stuck in the elevator for a while.他们可能被困在电梯里一段时间。
This One Direction concert may be their last one.这可能是单向乐队的最后一场演唱会。
This may be the last time Brady plays for the Patriots.这可能是布雷迪最后一次为爱国者队效力。
He may be interested in helping; we'll have to ask.他可能有兴趣帮忙;我们得问问。
【总结】这两个词都用来表示可能性
①May be是动词，可以用might be代替
②Maybe是副词，可以用“perhaps”代替
11、least [liːst]adv.最小;最少adj.&pron.最小的;最少的
at least至少;不少于;起码
12、junk [dʒʌŋk] n.无用的东西；无价值的东西
junk food 垃圾食品
13、coffee ['kɒfi], [ˈkɔːfi] n.咖啡
14、health[helθ] n.健康;人的身体(或精神)状态
health健康（是名词）
healthy健康的（是形容词）
①keep/stay是系动词，系动词后接形容词作表语，所以keep health=stay healthy（保持健康）。
②good为形容词，形容词修饰名词，所以应该说good health。因此正确的搭配应该是：
keep healthy、stay healthy、good health。此外，在表达“保持健康”时，有以下4种：
keep health
= stay healthy
= keep in good health
= stay in good health。
15、result [rɪ'zʌlt] .结果;后果
16、percent [pə(r)'sent] n.(=per cent)百分之 ...
【percent】 n. 百分之...(单复数同形)
1. “基数词 percent”，注意percent 无复数形式。
5%: five percent
20%: twenty percent
2. 考点：由“基数词 percent of 名词”构成的名词词组做主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词单复数而定。
①65 percent of children play computer games. 65%的孩子玩电脑游戏。
②Twenty percent of the water is covered with ice. 20%的水被冰覆盖。
17、online [ˌɒn'laɪn],[ˌɑːnˈlaɪn] adj.&adv.在线(的);联网(的)
18、television['telɪvɪʒn] n.电视节目; 电视机
19、although [ɔːl'ðəʊ] conj.虽然;尽管;即使
【although与though的用法区别】
①用作连词 ：表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可换用，只是 although 比 though 更为正式：
Though [Although] it was raining，we went there.虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。
Though [Although] it was barely four o'clock, the lights were already on. 尽管才四点钟，灯已经亮了。
Though [Although] we are poor, we are still happy. 我们虽然穷，仍然很快活。
②用作副词 ：although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意为“可是”、“不过”：
It's hard work; I enjoy it though.
工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。
He is looking fit, though.
但他看起来很健康。
You can count on him, though.
不过你可以指靠他。
③用于习语：
as though(好像，仿佛)，
even though(即使，纵然)
She closed her eyes as though she were tired.她闭上眼，仿佛很疲劳似的。
We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing.我们感到仿佛目击了整个这件事似的。
He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him.尽管我反对过他，我还得说他是一个诚实的人。
She was always afraid of men, even though she had lots of boyfriends.尽管她有很多男朋友，她总是害怕男人。
④用于倒装：
though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但 although 一般不这样用。
Poor though I am, I can afford it.
我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。
Child though he was, he did quite well.
他虽是孩子，但干得很好。
20、through[θruː]prep.以;凭借;穿过
【与through 相关词组详解】
①go through：经历，遭受。例句：
He has gone through all the difficulties. 他已经经历了所有的困难。
② look through：浏览，温习。例句：
Let's look through the newspaper together. 让我们一起看看报纸。
③put through：完成，使遭受。例句：
We have put through a difficult project. 我们已经完成了一项困难的项目。
④run through：穿过，花费。例句：
The crowd ran through the rain to the shelter.人群冒雨跑向避雨处。
⑤see through：看穿，识破。例句：
I can see through your lies.
我能看穿你的谎言。
【through 固定搭配】
1) go through 度过难关, 翻阅; 通过，成交
2) get through 通过;度过,做完;吃完,打通电话
3) live through 经历(而活过来)
4) look through 匆匆看一遍;检查
5) all through 在整个范围内,一直地
6) through and through 完全, 彻底, 地地道道
7) break through 突破, 冲破;取得成就
8) come through 幸存, 安然度过;脱险;发送
9) see through 识破, 看穿
10) pull through 摆脱疾病;渡过难关
11) run through 遍布;贯穿;弥漫
12) live through 熬过
13) fall through 一无所成;失败
14) sit through 挨到(乏味或冗长的会议等)结束
15) check through 彻底检查;彻底调查
16) through the ages 自古至今;历史上
17) through the back door 开后门;用不正当途径
18) wet through 完全湿透的
【through 的基本用法】
①从空间内穿过
You have to go through the forest to get to the village.你必须穿过森林才能到达村庄。
The thief came in through the window. 小偷是从窗户进来的。
A cool breeze came in through the window. 一阵清风从窗口吹来。
A river goes through the big city.
一条河穿过这座大城市。
②时间从头到尾
He worked through the night.他工作了一整夜。
【through的其它用法】
①through 因为，相当于because of 或as a result of. 如：
It was through his carelessness that the money was lost.是因为他的粗心钱才丢了。
It was all through you that we were late.我们之所以迟到，完全怪你。
He became ill through overwork.他因工作过于劳累而病倒了。
②through 通过,依靠: 表示借助于工具、方法或手段，相当于by means of，如：
We learn a language through (= by) speaking it.我们通过对话来学一门语言。
I got the news through a friend of mine.我是通过我的一个朋友得知这一消息的。
He achieved his goal through (= by) hard他通过努力奋斗实现了目标。
He became rich through hard work and ability.他通过努力工作和能力变得富有。
21、mind [maɪnd] .头脑;心智
【“mind"的用法总结】
①mind 作名词时，意为“头脑；思想”
I like to read books and exercise my mind. 我喜欢读书和锻炼我的思维。
②mind还可以用作动词，意为“介意；小心、在意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。
Do you mind going with me?
你介意跟我一块儿走吗？
Would you mind my sitting here?
你介意我坐在这里吗？
Mind that dog, Tom.小心那条狗，汤姆。
【有关mind的短语】
keep...in mind... 记住......
come to mind 突然出现在脑海里
make up one's mind (to do sth.)下定决心（做某事）
change one's mind 改变主意
keep one's mind on sth.专心做某事
She is always changing her mind.
她总是改变主意。
It's a good idea. I'll keep it in mind.
这是个好主意。我会记着的。
22、body ['bɒdi], [ˈbɑːdi] n.身体
23、such [sʌtʃ] adj.&pron.这样的;那样的;类似的
【辨析 such as/ like/ for example】
①for example 强调"举例"说明，作为插入语，且用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。for example后接句子。
②such as 用来"罗列" 几个例子，置于被列举的事物前，其后不用逗号，后接动词要用ing 形式。such as后接名词或短语，不能加句子。
③like 可以和 such as 互换。like后接词语或短语，不能加句子。such as后面的名词一般是好几个，而like后面的名词一般只有一个。
【练一练】
1. There are many kinds of pollution（污染）,________,noise is a kind of pollition.
A. like B. such as C. for example
2. Many of the English programs are popular with people,______Follow Me and Follow Me to Science.
A. such as B. for example C. like as
3. English is spoken（被讲）in many countries, like Australia, Canada and America.
=English is spoken in many countries,_____ _____Australia, Canada and America.
4. 大部分的父母都会为孩子树立榜样。
Most parents will _________ their children.
答案：C，A，such as ，set an example to
such as 例如;像……这样
24、together [tə'ɡeðə(r)] adv.在一起；共同
25、die [daɪ] v.消失;灭亡;死亡
【die，death，dead与dying的用法】
①die（动词），意为“死，死亡”，指因生病、年老、负伤等原因而死，是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
die—died(过去式)—died(过去分词)
die of: 因......而死，内部原因；后跟hunger，cold, illness, old age, heat 等。
die from: 因......而死，内部原因；后跟wound，accident，overwork等。
His uncle died two years ago.
他的叔叔两年前去世了。
②death（名词），意为“死，死亡”，在句中作主语或宾语。
He was really sad because of his dog's death.由于他的小狗的死亡，他特别伤心。
③dead（形容词），意为“死的，无生命的”，用来作表语或定语，表示状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”用“have/has been dead for 时间段”或“died 时间段 ago”。
His uncle has been dead for two years.
他的叔叔已经去世两年了。
=His uncle died two years ago.
他的叔叔两年前去世了。
④dying，die的现在分词，也可以用作形容词，意为“垂死的，将死的”，用来作定语或表语。
There is a dying dog under the tree.
树下有一只快要死的小狗。
【练一练】
1. The ______ of the old soldier made us very sad. He has made great contribution to our society.
A. birth B. death C. health D. mouth
2. The doctor tried to save the ______ boy. Luckily，he is out of danger now.
A. pleasing B. pleased C. dying D. dead
3. Lei Feng ______ for many years，but his spirit is still encouraging us.
A. died B. has died
C. was dead D. has been dead
4. The poor girl ______（die）on a cold morning. When people found her，she had been ________（die）for two days.
26、writer ['raɪtə(r)] n.作者;作家
27、dentist['dentɪst] n.牙科医生
28、magazine [mæɡə'ziːn],['mæɡəziːn] n.杂志;期刊
29、however [haʊ'evə(r)] adv.然而;不过
【However 】意指以任何方式或方式;不管怎样。1、however=no matter how无论如何，不管怎样
①However用作副词，用来引入与先前所说的内容形成对比或似乎相矛盾的陈述。它也可以表示“在任何程度上”。
②however用作副词
Aunt Amelia can’t give up smoking her cigarettes, however much she tried.不管阿米莉亚阿姨怎么努力，她都戒不掉烟。
However sick Jared feels, he will still go for his daily jogging.不管贾里德有多难受，他还是会坚持每天慢跑。
However hard I try, I can’t seem to lose weight.不管我怎么努力，我似乎就是减不掉体重。
2、however但是、然而（转折连词）
I wanted to buy the red dress; however, it was too expensive.我想买那条红裙子;然而，它太贵了。
However, this is unlikely given that some individuals managed to find their way home from each distance we used.但是，这一点是不可能的，因为有的个体可以在我们所使用的任何的距离上成功的找到回家的路。
30、than [ðən],[ðæn] prep.&conj.(用以引出比较的第二部分)比
31、more than 多于→less than不到，少于
32、almost ['ɔːlməʊst] adv.几乎;差不多
33、none [nʌn] pron.没有一个;毫无
【英语中的三个“没”：none， nothing，no one分别回答什么问题？】
【None】
None是一个代词，通常用来指代数量或比例为零的情况。例如，如果你问：“你有几个苹果？”而回答是“我没有苹果”，那么在英语中，你可以说“I have none”。此外，none也可以用在否定句中，表示“没有任何一个”。例如，“None of the students passed the exam”（没有一个学生通过了考试）。
【Nothing】
Nothing是一个代词，表示“没有东西”或“没有事情”。例如，如果你问：“你有什么计划？”而回答是“我没有任何计划”，那么在英语中，你可以说 “I have nothing”。此外，nothing也可以用在否定句中，表示“没有任何事”。例如，“Nothing is impossible”（没有什么是不可能的）。
【No one】
No one是一个不定代词，表示“没有人”。例如，如果你问：“有人吗？”而回答是“没有人”，那么在英语中，你可以说“There is no one”。此外，no one也可以用在否定句中，表示“没有任何人”。例如，“No one knows the answer”（没有人知道答案）。
①None of the apples are ripe（成熟的）.
（没有一个苹果成熟了）
②Nothing is happening.
（没有什么正在发生）
③No one is here.（没有人在这里）
④No one likes a person with bad manners.
⑤ ---Is there anything in the sky?
----Nothing.
⑥----Is there anyone in the room?
----No one.
⑦--- How many students are there in the room?
----None.
⑧--- How much money do you have on you? ----None.
⑨----Is there any water in the cup?
---- None.
⑩None of us have/has seen him.
None of that money on the table is mine.
34、less [les]adv.较少;较小 adj.&pron.较少的;更少的（little的比较的）, little→less→least
35、point [pɔɪnt] n.得分;点
“Point” 作名词时有多个含义，比如 “比分”、“小数点”、“物体的尖端”。在用 “point” 来指一个人对某事的 “看法、观点” 时，“point” 常与 “make”、“see”、“wander off” 和 “get to” 搭配使用，表示 “表明观点”、“明白意思”、“跑题” 和 “说重点”。
【一些包含 “point” 的常用固定搭配】
① “have a point” 有道理
Though I don't completely agree with you, you have a point.
He really had a point in the discussion, no wonder so many people was convinced.
②“make a point” 表明、提出观点
Agatha often makes good points in meetings. Let me make my point first, and then you can make yours.
③“see one's point” 明白某人的意思
You said the colour of the walls is too dark, and I see your point.
No matter how clearly I explained it, he couldn't see my point.
④“take one's point” 领会、接受某人的观点
I take your point, but it's not that simple.
I had to take his point, he's got a solid argument.
⑤“drive home a point”、“hammer home a point” 再三强调一个观点
I drove home the point that the product needed sufficient customer support to succeed during my presentation.
During the induction, the trainer hammered home the point that safety is essential when it comes to working out in the gym.
⑥“wander off the point” 离开正题，偏离要点 Phil, you're wandering off the point. Can you get to the point?
My professors tend to wander off the point during lectures.
⑦“get to the point” 直奔主题，说重点
I hope I got to the point quickly in this episode of English in a Minute.
Could you please get to the point? I have been listening for an hour and I'm tired.
36、Claire [kleə], [kler] 克莱尔（女名）
37、Sue [suː] 休（女名）
38、American Teenager [ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)]《美国青少年》（文中为虚构的杂志名称）
