撰稿：张瑞安
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特殊问句又叫WH问句，因为这类问句通常以疑问词what ,when ,where, who, whose, Which以及how(old/many/much/far/long/soon/often…etc) 开头。其语法特点是：1）句子的语序一般为疑问词加上一般疑问句；2）不能用Yes或No作简略回答；3）读时用降调。如：
What are you doing? (I’m reading.)
Who did you play with? (I played with my sister.)
How do you like this? (It’s nice.)
How long did they stay there? (They stayed there for an hour.)
但是，特殊问句本身也有许多特殊情况。现列举如下：
一．答非所问的特殊问句
此类句子只有一例：How do you do? 在结构上是个标准的特殊问句，但实质上却是个一般的问候语，常用于两个互不相识的人首次见面时的相互问候。意为“你好！你好！”它与How are you?(你好吗？)不同。该句的答语一般是I’m fine. Thank you.（我很好，谢谢你。）
二．语序和陈述句相同的特殊问句
当疑问句在句中做主语时，其结构要用陈述句的语序。如：
Which (one )is yours?
Who took you to the park yesterday?
What makes you think I’m a farmer?
此类特殊问句的另一个特点是可以作简略回答。以上三句的答语可以简略为：a. The red one (is). b. Our teacher did. c. Nothing.
三．用来表示选择的特殊问句
例：Which is bigger, the moon or the earth?
Who’s faster, you or me?
它们可分别改写成：
Is the moon or the earth bigger?
Are you or me faster?
四．简化的特殊问句
例：Why not join us? (=Why won’t you join us?)
What about the one next to it?(=What do you think about the one next to it?)
When to start?(=When shall we start?)
五．复杂的特殊问句
例：Where do you think he comes from?
Why do you believe that’s true?
What did you say his name is?
这种特殊问句实际上是由Do you think(believe…etc)加一个宾语从句演变出来，不过将疑问词移至句首而已。（也有人把Do you think看作是个插入语）能在插入部分作谓语的常用动词有think, believe, say, 等。还要注意插入语后的句子要用陈述句结构。
六．带有添加部分的特殊问句
把on earth, in the world等词组置于疑问词后使句子的语气加强。如：
What on earth are you doing here?
But why in the world did you beat him?
七．起修饰作用的特殊问句
起修辞作用的特殊问句在形式上是特殊问句，而在意义上相当于强调的陈述句。如：
Who cares where you slept?(Nobody cares…)
Who doesn’t know that?(=Everybody knows that.)
八．疑问词不在句首的特殊问句
当疑问句在句中作介词宾语时，也可以把介词置于疑问词之前，这样可使语气加强。如：
From where did you come?
To whom will you give the letter?
At what time did you meet them?
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