宾语从句是中学阶段非常重要的一个知识点，也是中考、高考的必考内容。
宾语从句的句子结构一般是这样的：主语 谓语动词 （引导连词 正常句子）宾语从句。
做宾语从句的句子一般情况有三类：陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。
一、陈述句做宾语从句
陈述句做宾语从句用that引导，可以省略。主要考点是谓语动词与宾语从句的时态呼应问题。
- 如果谓语动词是一般现在时，宾语从句可以是除了过去将来时和过去完成时以外的其它任何时态。
He tells me that he always gets up early every day. 他告诉我他总是每天很早起床。（一般现在时）
He knows that his father bought a new bike yesterday. 他知道他爸爸昨天买了一辆新自行车。（一般过去时）
He says that our English teacher will come back from Beijing soon. 他说我们的英语老师很快就从北京回来了。（一般将来时）
Li Hua finds that his classmates are playing basketball on the playground now. 李华发现他的同学们现在正在操场上打篮球。（现在进行时）
I think that they were having a meeting at 8:30 yesterday morning. 我想昨天上午8点半他们正在开会。（过去进行时）
The boy knows that they will be watching the game at this time tomorrow evening. 这个男孩知道他们明天晚上这个时间将正在观看比赛。（将来进行时）
It seems that they have finished reading the book. 似乎他们已经读完了这本书。（现在完成时）
It is reported that the project will have been finished by the end of this month.据报道，工程在这个月底前将会完成。 （将来完成时）
- 如果谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句只能是与过去有关的时态。有一个例外，客观真理、科学事实和自然现象用一般现在时，不受谓语动词一般过去时的影响。
Li Hua found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. 李华发现地上有一个钱包。（一般过去时）
My mum said that she was washing clothes when the door bell rang. 我妈妈说当门铃响时她正在洗衣服。（过去进行时）
I told him that I would take care of him after work. 我告诉他下班后我会照顾他。（过去将来时）
He said that he had been to Beijing many times. 他说他去过北京许多次了。（过去完成时）
Our teacher told us that the earth turns around the sun. 我们老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。（自然现象，一般现在时）
The girl said that her brother is three years older than her. 这个女孩说她的哥哥比她大3岁。（客观事实，一般现在时）
备注：引导宾语从句的连词that可以省略。
二、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句做宾语从句
1、概述
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句难度稍大。难点在于：一般疑问句和特殊疑问句做宾语从句时，需要用陈述句的词序。请同学们参考我前面讲解的句型变换章节。
其实我们只需要利用“还原”的原则，就能掌握一般疑问句和特殊疑问句是如何做宾语从句了。
一般疑问句做宾语从句时，引导连词用if 或whether。
特殊疑问句做宾语从句时，引导连词用相应的特殊疑问词。
2、还原原则
也就是说，一般疑问句和特殊疑问句这两种类型的句子根源在哪儿、出处在哪儿，这两类句子是怎么变化来的。一般疑问句和特殊疑问句这两类句子都是陈述句变化来的，陈述句就是这两类句子的根源。
我们需要掌握四种类型的句子：
1）含有be动词及其过去式的句子；
2）含有情态动词的句子；
3）含有完成时态的句子；
4）含有其它动词的句子。
3、一般疑问句
1）含有be动词及其过去式的句子；
变一般疑问句时，把be动词提前，就变成了一般疑问句。做宾语从句时，be动词还原到原来的位置。
- There were some water in the Chaobai River. （这句就是下句的根源、出处）
Were there any water in the Chaobai River ? （这句子做宾语从句就用上一句）
Some residents wonder if \ whether there were some water in the Chaobai River.
- They are learning English carefully in the classroom. (这句就是下句的根源、出处）
Are they learning English carefully in the classroom ? （这句子做宾语从句就用上一句）
The teacher asks me if \ whether they are learning English carefully in the classroom.
- I'm an English teacher in a high school. (这句就是下句的根源、出处）
Are you an English teacher in a high school ? （这句子做宾语从句就用上一句）
The old man asks if \ whether I am an English teacher in a high school.
2）含有情态动词的句子；
变一般疑问句时，把情态动词提前，就变成了一般疑问句。做宾语从句时，情态动词还原到原来的位置。
- I can sing and dance at the party. (这句就是下句的根源、出处）
Can you sing and dance at the party ? （这句子做宾语从句就用上一句）
He asks if \ whether I can sing and dance at the party.
3）含有完成时态的句子；
完成时态构成：主语 have\has\had 过去分词 宾语 其它成分。其中have\has\had是助动词。
变一般疑问句时，把助动词have\has\had提前，就变成了一般疑问句。做宾语从句时，助动词have\has\had还原到原来的位置。
- They have done their homework before I get home. (这句就是下句的根源、出处）
Have they done their homework before you get home ? （这句子做宾语从句就用上一句）
The teacher wants to know if \ whether they have done their homework before I get home.
- The train had left when he arrived at the station. (这句就是下句的根源、出处）
Had the train left when he arrived at the station ? （这句子做宾语从句就用上一句）
I wondered if \ whether the train had left when he arrived at the station.
4）含有其它动词的句子。
这类句子因为没有上述类型句子中的助动词，变成一般疑问句时，就在句首加助动词do\does\did，就变成了一般疑问句。做宾语从句时，就要把加的助动词do\does\did去掉，但是注意does\did去掉后谓语动词的还原问题。
- The children always have noodles for breakfast at school every morning. (这句就是下句的根源、出处）
Do the children always have noodles for breakfast at school every morning ? （这句子做宾语从句就用上一句）
The parents wonder if \ whether the children always have noodles for breakfast at school every morning.
- The little girl has fun with her grandma every day. (这句就是下句的根源、出处）
Does the little girl have fun with her grandma every day ?（这句子做宾语从句就用上一句）
The researchers'd like to know if \ whether the little girl has fun with her grandma every day.
- My mum bought some apples and bananas last night. (这句就是下句的根源、出处）
Did your mum buy any apples and bananas last night ?（这句子做宾语从句就用上一句）
Father asks if \ whether my mum bought some apples and bananas last night.
4、特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句做宾语从句就用相应的特殊疑问词引导。
特殊疑问句的根源句子也是陈述句，是陈述句根据划线部分提问变化而来的。那么，特殊疑问句做宾语从句时，就用相应的特殊疑问词做引导连词，再把原来的陈述句中划线部分去掉，其余部分照抄下来做宾语从句就可以了。
特殊疑问句一般是由特殊疑问词 一般疑问句构成，“提前、还原”的要点请参考第三小节内容。
- The tall man is my father. Who is the tall man ?
Our teacher asks me who the tall man is.
- Jerry always did her homework after supper. When did Jerry always do her homework ?
Susan wants to know when Jerry always did her homework.
- There have been 19 students in the reading room all the morning.
How many students have there been in the reading room all the morning ?
The president asks how many students there have been in the reading room all the morning.
(students 与how many 在特殊疑问句中是一个组成部分，不能拆分）
