英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for 时间段, since 时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:
⑴.将时间状语改为时间段 ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for 时间段,since 时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear
leave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep
end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold
join the army----be in the army be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years
延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换
非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时
borrow keep have kept
get to know know have known
catch a cold have a cold have had a cold
buy have have had
die be dead have been dead
open be open have been open
close be closed have been closed
get married be married have been married
fall ill be ill have been ill
fall asleep be asleep have been asleep
leave sp. be away from sp. have been away from sp.
return be back have been back
go to bed be in bed have been in bed
come here be here have been here
go there be there have been there
go out be out have been out
get up be up have been up
start/ begin be on have been on
finish/ end be over have been over
become be have been
join be a member of have been a member of
come to the island be on the island have been on the island
Be in have been in
go to sleep./come to sleep. Be in sleep. hve been in sleep.
rrive→be here begin(start)→be on
die →be dead come back→be back
leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)
get up→be up go out →be out
finish →be over put on →wear/be on
open →be open join →be in/be a member of…
close →be closed go to school→be a student
borrow →keep buy/get →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know
begin to study→study come to work→work
move to → live in/ be out of finish/end → be over
come to → be in sit down → be seated
marry → be married dress → be dressed
arrive in / at → be in / at lose→be lost
break→be broken wake→be awake
专项练习
I、把下列瞬间动词转换为延续性动词
buy catch (get) a cold put on
borrow/lend come/go /become go to school
join the army join the Party arrive/come/reach
die finish begin/start
leave fall asleep/ill close
open get up
II、单项选择
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
5.You mustn't ______ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
10. How long ______ he ______ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
17.Are you ___the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
III、瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习
1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。
A: You are late. The film for 10 minutes.
B: You are late. It ten minutes since the film .
C: You are late. The film 10 minutes .
2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。
A: My uncle the army for 2 years.
B: It 2 years my uncle joined the army.
C: My uncle the army 2 years ago.
3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。
A: Linda a cold 4 to 5 days.
B: It 4 to 5 days since Linda a cold
C: Linda a cold 4 or 5 days .
4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。
A: His grandpa for 5 years.
B: It 5 years since his grandpa .
C: His grandpa 5 years .
5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。
A: You're late. The train for 20 minutes.
B: It 20 minutes since the train .
C: The train 20 minutes .
6、他们到深圳已经有3年多了。
A: They Shenzhen for over 3 years.
B: It over 3 years since they Shenzhen.
C: They Shenzhen over 3 years .
7. My father bought a new car two years ago.
My father _____ _____ a new car _____ two years.
My father _____ _____ a new car _____ two years ago.
8.Tom borrowed this book four days ago.
Tom _____ ______ this book _____ four days.
Tom _____ ______ this book _____ four days ago.
9. The factory opened in 1996.
The factory ten years.
The factory since 1996.
10. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ago.
Mr. Wang Beijing five days ago.
Mr. Wang Beijing five days.
11. My son fell asleep half an hour ago.
My son _____ _____ _____ for _____ _____ _____.
My son _____ _____ _____ since _____ _____ _____ _____.
