动词和动词短语考察方向
1考察常用动词用法；
2考察同一动词与不同副词或介词构成短语动词的用法；
3考察同一介词或副与不同动词构成短语动词的用法；
4 考察动词时态和语态的用法；
真题归纳：
完形/单项填空
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）34. A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting
C. reviewing D. restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
2.（2018·新课标I卷·完形填空）During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars?
41. A. put forward B. jumped at
C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn
C. save D. pay
【答案】41B，42C
【解析】41:考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出；jumped at急于接收；tried out尝试；turned down拒绝。根据句意应选B。
【解析】42:考查动词辨析。waste浪费；earn赚钱；save节省；pay付钱。根据句意应选C。
3. （2019·北京卷·完形填空）He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll ___21___ those things.
A. act onB. settle on
C. check onD. agree on
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，Wilson会检查（check on）上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。
4. （2018·江苏卷·完形填空）Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been___36___ to pay lawyers’ fees.
A. drawn up B. used up
C. backed up D. kept up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. drawn up起草；B. used up用光；C. backed up拥堵；D. kept up保持。根据后面的to pay lawyers’ fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
5.（2017·江苏卷·完形填空）In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36（struggling） across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38（before） anyone else had to be there.
A. rising up B. coming up
C. driving up D. turning up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。根据＂ 37 at school for practice hours before anyone else＂可知，为了练习弹奏乐器，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时。turn up意为＂出现＂，符合语境。
6.（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out
C. picked out D. given out
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。hold out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. bring out使显现，阐明，出版；C. pick out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. give out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取＂使显现＂之意，故选B。
7.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空） Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。
语法填空
1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【答案】have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
2（2019全国II卷Picking up her“LifetimeAchievement”award，proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
3.（2019全国III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ________(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
4.（2019浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
【答案】has
【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。句中when引导的时间状语从句，根据语境可知，本句叙述的是客观事实，因此，因此主句应用一般现在时；故填 has。
5.（2019浙江卷）One study in America found that students' grades _____ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
6.（2018全国I卷）While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it ______(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，且宾语从句中的主语为it，故用is。
7.（2018全国II卷）Since 2011, the country ______(grow) more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。
8.（2018全国II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005－when the government ____________ (start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers－and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填started。
9.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal________ (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：当我和大猩猩互相惊吓的时候，我很高兴看到它们还活着。由于大猩猩的非侵略性，这种巨大的动物对我并没有真正的伤害。 此处所用时态，应该与上文保持一致，故用一般过去时。
10（2018浙江卷） I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I _____ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到很震惊”，shock与主语I为被动关系，同时根据后面的learnt可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填was shocked。
11（2017全国I卷）When fat and salt _____ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【答案】are removed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处应用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。
12（2017全国II卷）Steam engines _______ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】were used
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。steam engines与use是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
13.（2017全国II卷）Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
【答案】managed
【解析】考查时态。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
14. （2017全国III卷）Sarah ________(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
【答案】has been told/was told
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。
15.（2017全国III卷）Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ____(come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling."
【答案】comes
【解析】根据语境可知,Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况，故应该用一般现在时。
单句或短文改错
1.（2019全国III卷）Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
【答案】required改为requires
【解析】本句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现在时，而且从句已经用了现在时态，故把 required改为 requires。
2.（2018全国I卷）During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.
【答案】find改为found
【解析】本句考查动词的时态。find改为found。根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter holiday”可知，本文讲述作者去年寒假的故事。所以此处应用一般过去时，故把find改为found。
3.（2018全国II卷）Still I unwilling to play the game with them sometimes.
【答案】在I后加was
【解析】考查谓语动词。此句缺谓语动词，be unwilling to do sth.是固定用法，表示“不愿做某事”。结合语境和时态可知，应用一般过去时，故在I后加was。
4.（2018全国III卷）It was Monday morning，and the writing class had just begin.
【答案】begin改为begun
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据短文语境可知，此处为过去完成时，故应用过去分词。
5.（2017全国I卷）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car，my mind goes blank.
【答案】goes→went
【解析】考查谓语动词。文章描述过去的经历，上下文均使用了相应的过去时态，这里应保持一致，用一般过去时，所以把goes改为went。
6.（2017全国II卷）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
【答案】came→comes
【解析】考查谓语动词。 when引导的时间状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
7.（2017全国III卷）I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
【答案】had改为have
【解析】考查谓时态。由in the past few years可知句子要用现在完成时。
8.（2017全国III卷）About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.
【答案】become改为became
【解析】考查谓时态。句子用了过去时，and连接并列的谓语entered和became。故把become改为became
还有50多天高考，书面表达感到犯难有办法解决吗？私我，两个小时包会。
另外，我这儿这有7套考前必刷题，7套考前冲刺题，均有答案详解及听力录音、和录音文字材料；有需要的同样可以私我；
如果做完题目后有什么问题，我可以答疑。
