【上期回顾】
【本期内容】
一、内容纲要
二、内容简述
(一)定义
英语中的be动词,主要有两种用法:一是用作系动词,二是用作助动词。
be动词的形式会受主语的单复数的变化而变化,而且也有各种时态变化,其变化形式主要包括:
一般式:am, is, are,如“He is a student.”或“I am from France.”。
过去式:was, were,如“She was at the office then.”。
进行式:being,如“It is being repaired by my father.”。
完成式:been,如“They have been there twice.”。
(二)系动词be
当be动词用作系动词时,主要用来表示主语所处的状态,所以此时也被称作状态系动词。其后常接名词、形容词或短语,用作表语,构成系表结构,用作句子的谓语。如:
She is very happy today.
He has been a teacher for ten years.
We were at the party last night.
(三)助动词be
当be动词用作助动词时,主要是用来构成各种进行时和被动语态,如:
现在进行时:He is reading a novel now.
被动语态:They will be sent to prison next week.
(四)其他用法
be动词有时可以用来引导祈使句,如:
Be quiet!
Be a man!
Don't be silly!
【注意】
此时,其句首有时还可以加上助动词do,来表强调,如:
Do be careful!
一定要小心啊!
(五)be的缩写
be动词只有一般式存在缩写形式,即:am - 'm, is - 's, are - 're。如:
I'm not a nurse.
He's in bed now.
They're from Canada.