sheep是名词,意思是羊,也可以指胆小或盲从的人。它的复数形式也是sheep,不加s。它的发音是 [ʃiːp] ,其中 [ʃ] 是清辅音,声带不振动,气流从舌头和上齿之间泄出,像“嘘”声; [iː] 是长元音,舌头前部抬高,嘴角收紧,声音持续较长; [p] 是清辅音,声带不振动,气流被双唇阻塞后突然放开,有一股送气。
sheet是名词或动词,名词时意思是纸张、床单、薄片等,动词时意思是用布或纸覆盖、形成薄片等。它的复数形式是sheets,加s。它的发音是 [ʃiːt] ,其中 [ʃ] 和 [iː] 和sheep中的一样; [t] 是清辅音,声带不振动,气流被舌尖和上齿龈阻塞后突然放开,有一股送气。
sheep和sheet的区别就在于最后一个辅音,一个是 [p] ,一个是 [t] 。这两个辅音都是送气清辅音,但是发音部位不同。 [p] 是双唇辅音,需要用双唇闭合和张开; [t] 是齿龈辅音,需要用舌尖贴近上齿龈并迅速离开。为了区分这两个辅音,你需要注意以下几点:
口型:发 [p] 时嘴唇要圆起来,像吹气球;发 [t] 时嘴唇要稍微张开,像笑。
舌头:发 [p] 时舌头要放松,不要碰到上颚;发 [t] 时舌尖要紧贴上齿龈,并迅速弹开。
气流:发 [p] 时气流要从双唇间喷出;发 [t] 时气流要从舌尖和上齿间喷出。
声音:发 [p] 时声音要低沉一些;发 [t] 时声音要清脆一些
除了sheep和sheet,英语中还有很多其他的单词,它们的发音也有类似的区别。例如,beep和bit,leap和lit,keep和kit等等。这些单词的区别就在于元音的长度,一个是长元音 [iː] ,一个是短元音 [ɪ] 。为了区分这两个元音,需要注意以下几点:
口型:发 [iː] 时嘴角要收紧,像笑;发 [ɪ] 时嘴角要放松,像哭。
舌头:发 [iː] 时舌头前部要抬高,像吸吸果冻;发 [ɪ] 时舌头前部要放低,像吐吐果冻。
气流:发 [iː] 时气流要从口腔中心出来;发 [ɪ] 时气流要从口腔两侧出来。
声音:发 [iː] 时声音要持续较长;发 [ɪ] 时声音要持续较短。
来练习一下吧。
beep / bit
a beep / a bit
beeps and bits / bits and beeps
The beep is very loud. / The bit is very small.
sheep / sheet
a sheep / a sheet
sheep and sheets / sheets and sheep
The sheep is on the sheet. / The sheet is on the sheep.
请用sheep或sheet填空,并读出句子。
1. He likes to draw animals, especially ______. (He likes to draw animals, especially sheep. [ʃiːp])
2. She folded the ______ neatly and put it in the closet. (She folded the sheet neatly and put it in the closet. [ʃiːt])
3. Don’t be a ______, think for yourself. (Don’t be a sheep, think for yourself. [ʃiːp])
4. The ice ______ was very thin and fragile. (The ice sheet was very thin and fragile. [ʃiːt])
请找出下列单词中发音错误的一个,并改正。
1. cheap / cheat / chip / chit (chip的发音是 [tʃɪp] ,不是 [ʃɪp] ,应该改成ship)
2. sleep / sleet / slip / slit (slip的发音是 [slɪp] ,不是 [sliːp] ,应该改成sleap)
3. deep / deed / dip / dit (dit的发音是 [dɪt] ,不是 [diːt] ,应该改成deet)
4. peep / peat / pip / pit (pip的发音是 [pɪp] ,不是 [piːp] ,应该改成peep)