知识点名：关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose引导的定语从句
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关系代词who，whom，which，that，whose引导的定语从句
1. 定义：
① 在复合句中，担当定语功能，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。
② 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
③ 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词连接先行词与定语从句，并代替先行词在句中作一定的句子成分，分为关系代词和关系副词。
构成：先行词 关系代词 定语从句。
本次课主要讲解关系代词引导的定语从句。常用的关系代词有：who，whom，whose，which，that。
2. 各关系代词的具体用法：
(1) who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：
The boy who is playing football is from Class One.正在踢足球的那个男生是来自于一班。
Danny was the man (who/whom/that) we rescued from the ruins.Danny是我们从废墟中拯救的那个人。
(2) whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：
The man whom/who you met just now is my friend.你刚刚遇到的那个人是我的朋友。
(3) whose“……的”，表示一种所属关系。既可以指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
Is there anyone in your class whose father works in Beijing?你们班有没有父亲在北京工作的人？
Water is a liquid whose boiling point is 100℃.水是一种沸点为100摄氏度的液体。
(4) which指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。which在定语从句中既可单独作定语，也可与介词“of”连用构成“of which”短语作定语。例如：
They eat different kinds of food which will change into energy.他们吃各种各样将转化成能量的食物。
The classroom, the door of which is broken, will soon be repaired.这个门坏了的教室将很快被修理。
(5) that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。注意：that不能作介词的宾语。例如：
The people that come to visit the city are all here.来参观这座城市的人们都在这里。
The finger (that) I put into my mouth is not the one (that) I show you.我放进自己嘴里的手指并不是我展示给你的那个。
(6) 关系代词用which，而不用that的情况：
① 引导非限制性定语从句（特征：定语从句前有逗号与前面主句分隔开）。例如：
He gave me a vase, which strikes my fancy. 他给了我一只花瓶，这只花瓶很中我的意。
② 介词后。例如：
A zoo is a park in which many animals are kept for exhibition.动物园是一个饲养许多动物以供观赏的公园。
More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.越来越多的人正开始学英语，在我们国家英语正在变得越来越流行。
(7) 关系代词用that而不用which情况：
① 当先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
不定代词，如：all，much，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等；用来修饰先行词的不定代词如：all，any，every，few，little，no等。例如：
There's nothing that can be said about it.对此没有什么可以说的。
Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?你是说昨天买的那个吗？
You can take any seat that is free.你可以坐任何空座。
② 先行词被the only，the very等修饰时。
The only thing that we could do was to wait for help.我们能做的唯一的事就是等待救援。
These books are the very ones that should be read.这些书正是你应该读的那些书。
③ 先行词是形容词或被形容词最高级修饰时。例如：
The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.应该立刻做的最重要的事是如何阻止他继续下去。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
④ 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。例如：
The first song that I learned will never be forgotten.我永远也不会忘记我学习的第一首歌。
This is the last film that has been shown in our school this term.这是本学期在我们学校已经展览过的最后一部电影了。
⑤ 当先行词同时有表示人和物的名词时。例如：
She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.她拍摄了她感兴趣的事物和人物的照片。
注意：
(1) 定语从句中宾语可以省略，而主语不可以省略。例如：
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.刘先生是你们在公交上谈论的那个人。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天，我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
(2) who可以作主语或宾语，而whom只能作宾语，不可作主语，当作宾语时二者可以互换。例如：
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.那些正在踢足球的男生来自于一班。【who作主语】
The man (whom/who) you met just now is my old friend.你刚才遇到的那位男士是我的老朋友。【who或者whom作宾语】
