初中英语语法第6季：副词
·定义：表示行为或状态特征的词，主要修饰动词，形容词或另外一个副词或整个句子。
·意义上的特征：说明时间发生的时间，地点，行为的方式，程度，说话者的态度，观点等，具有明显的修饰和强调功能。
·形式上的特征：1，形容词 ly构成；以-le结尾的形容词去掉e再 y；以y结尾的把y改i再加ly
Quick-quickly，careful-carefully，possible-possibly，easy-easily 2，形容词和副词同形late：迟的(adj，迟(adv), high高的(adj),高度地(adv), early,hard,straight,fast,long,far,low,slow... 3，有的副词 ly之后还可以构成另外的副词hard努力地-hardly几乎不，near接近地-nearly几乎，high高高地-highly高度地，most最多-mostly主要地，deep在深处-deeply深深地，close靠近-closely密切地，wide宽的-widely广泛的
·副词的分类：
1，时间副词：now,then那时,just now刚才，right now立刻，right then就在那时，right away立刻...
2，地点副词：here，there，here and there到处，outdoors户外，indoors室内，downstairs在楼下...
3，方式副词：well好，hard努力地，simply简易地，kindly和蔼地，together一起，suddenly突然地...
4，程度副词：much...得多，little很少，so如此，nearly几乎，almost几乎，most非常，enough充足地...
5，频度副词：usually通常，often经常，never从来没有，seldom很少，always总是...
6，句子副词：修饰整个句子，表说话人的看法，luckily，actually，honestly，hopefully
7，疑问副词：where，when，why，how，how often，how about，how long，how far
8，关系副词：主要引导定语从句where，when，why
9，连接副词：意义和磁性和疑问副词一样，但引导从句
10，其他副词：yes是，no不，certainly当然，sure当然，really真正的，either也
·副词的句法功能：
1，作状语，修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或全句
He works very hard（修饰动词）
i'm very busy these days（修饰形容词）
She speaks English very beautifully（修饰另一副词）
Luckily，she had got another chance（修饰整个句子）
1，做表语，指主语的方位，方向，动作情况
Sorry，I have to be off right now对不起，我得马上走
When the meeting is over，give me a phone call
2，作定语，表时间/地点--一般后置
Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed
Put the biscuits on the shelf above
3，作补足语
Did you see anybody in？（宾语补足语）
The boy was seen upstairs（主语补足语）
·副词的位置：
修饰形容词，其他副词时，一般在被修饰词的前面
He is very cool
Happy days pass too soon
注意:enough作副词时，总是置于被修饰的形容词/副词后，作形容词时，可置于名词前或后
The book is easy enough for little kids
We don't have enough time/time enough
·副词的排列顺序：
1，时间副词和地点副词同时出现时，时间副词在地点副词之后。
I have gone nowhere recently，for I have been very busy.
2,多个副词修饰同一实义动词时，若强调这个动词的具体方式，状态，程度，则将需要强调的副词提前。
We walked slowly downstairs
3频度副词常在实义动词前，系动词/助动词/情态动词后，句中有多个助动词时，则置于第一个助动词后。
I often go to school at six in the morning
you'll always be asked to keeo silence
4，方式副词并列时，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接
He answered his mother angrily and impatiently
·副词的比较级和最高级的构成：
1，规则构成和形容词比较级和最高级的规则构成基本一样，详见第四章。
2，不规则构成：well-better-best，badly-worse-worst， little-less-least，much-more-most，far-farther-farthest距离，far-further-furthest距离，程度
·比较等级的用法：和形容词比较等级的用法/结构基本相同，只是把相应的形容词变为副词
1，原级比较：
He runs as fast as his brother 肯定 | He can't run as/so fast as his brother 否定
2，比较级：
She comes here less often than before
She drove much more carefully than me
She plays the piano more and more beautifully
The harder you work，the better you’ll learn
The sooner you go ,the sooner you will be back.
3,最高级
He talks（the）least and does（the）most in his class
He jumps（the）highest but runs（the）most slowly of the three boys
Of all the subjects，I like English（the）best
·比较级和最高级的修饰语：
1，比较级的修饰语：even，still，much...，a little，a lot，a bit，a great deal，（by）far...
He speaks Chinese a lot better than before
Could you speak a little more slowly？
2，最高级的修饰语：by far/far and away很，much...得多，almost几乎，nearly几乎
He played the piano much the best among the boys of his age
·常见副词的用法：
Already，yet和still
1，作“已经”讲，already用于肯定句，yet用于疑问句
We’ve already met before / Have you been to Paris yet?
2, already常用于疑问句中表惊讶
Have you been to Paris already？你去过巴黎？
2，作“依然，还”讲，yet用于否定句，still主要用于肯定句，疑问句表“还是，但，不过”。
The rain hasn't stopped yet / It is still raining now.
Too,as well, also和either
1，too和as well->肯定/疑问句(多口语)一般句尾，too前用逗号隔开成分，as well不可以
If you should go,I will go,too. / She can dance and she can sing as well.
2,also->肯定/疑问(书面语)，一般放句中
She can dance and she can also sing
3, either->否定/否定疑问,放句尾
She can't speak Chinese and her husband can't either
Hard和hardly
1，He works hard 努力地
2，It was raining hard 猛烈地
3，He hardly listened to me 几乎不
Sometimes，sometime，some times，some time
1，Sometimes I stay late in the library after class有时候...
2，Kate will be back sometime in Feburary 将来某时
3，I will stay here for some time一些时间，一段时间
4，Our school is some times larger than theirs数倍
Too much和much too
1，There has been too much rain lately太多...修饰不可数名词/动词
2，it's much too cold太.../非常...修饰形容词/副词
