形容词、副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级,其构成形式如下:
规则变化:单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级
构成法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
一般单音节词未尾加-er, -est | tall | taller | tallest |
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st | nice | nicer | nicest |
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est | big | bigger | biggest |
"以辅音字母 y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est | busy | busier | busiest |
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est | clever narrow | cleverer narrower | cleverest narrowest |
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级 | important easily | more important more easily | most important most easily |
不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good/well | better | best |
bad/ill | worse | worst |
old | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
much/many | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
注意:many, old和far比较级及最高级用法的区别
①如果后接名词时,much more 不可数名词,many more 可数名词复数。
②old有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brother is an engineer.//Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
③far有两种比较级,farther,further..