response怎么设置状态码,response怎么获取里面的响应参数

首页 > 实用技巧 > 作者:YD1662024-01-17 14:20:53

如上图所示:
浏览器打开默认的字符集跟当前操作系统的语言和环境有关系,我们现在用的windows操作系统默认的字符集编码表是GBK(gb2312)
服务器用的不是GBK,否则不会乱码。

字符输出流的编码是ISO的,该编码被GBK解码一定会乱码。
找到原因之后,解决这个乱码就会变得很简单:我们可以设置流的编码是GBK就可以了。

package cn.itcast.web.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; @WebServlet("/responseDemo4") public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取流对象之前去设置流的默认编码:ISO-8859-1 设置为:GBK response.setCharacterEncoding("GBK"); //1.获取字符输出流 PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); //2.输出数据 pw.write("你好,response"); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }

设置完流的默认编码后刷新一下服务器就发现,可以识别中文了:

response怎么设置状态码,response怎么获取里面的响应参数(5)

但是仅仅是一种巧合,为什么?
因为我们明确的知道客户端用的是GBK才可以这样设置。将来有的浏览器就是utf-8,就意味着设置GBK不好使。
我们还需要告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码,建议浏览器使用该编码解码。如何完成代码如下:

package cn.itcast.web.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.nio.charset.Charset; @WebServlet("/responseDemo4") public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取流对象之前去设置流的默认编码:ISO-8859-1 设置为:GBK //response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码。建议浏览器使用该编码解码 response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;Charset=utf-8"); //1.获取字符输出流 PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); //2.输出数据 pw.write("你好,response"); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }

但是这段代码写起来还是挺麻烦的,因为头信息是固定的,也就是说每一次都要写这行代码。所以response对象给我们提供的一个简单的形式来设置编码:

package cn.itcast.web.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.nio.charset.Charset; @WebServlet("/responseDemo4") public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取流对象之前去设置流的默认编码:ISO-8859-1 设置为:GBK response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码。建议浏览器使用该编码解码 //response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;Charset=utf-8"); //简单的形式,设置编码 response.setContentType("text/html;Charset=utf-8"); //1.获取字符输出流 PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); //2.输出数据 pw.write("你好啊啊啊啊,response"); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }

以后我们要记住,在获取字符输出流并且写中文数据之前,就要把这行代码写到最前面:

response.setContentType("text/html;Charset=utf-8"); 案例3:输出字节数据

接下来说,输出字节数据,代码如下:

package cn.itcast.web.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/responseDemo5") public class ResponseDemo5 extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //1.获取字节输出流 ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream(); //2.输出数据 sos.write("hello".getBytes()); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }

hello就被访问到了:

response怎么设置状态码,response怎么获取里面的响应参数(6)

当我们想输出中文,并且设置的是utf-8就会乱码:

//2.输出数据 sos.write("你好".getBytes("utf-8"));

解决方式:

response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;Charset=utf-8"); 案例4:验证码

创建验证码步骤非常简单,我们直接代码演示:

package cn.itcast.web.servlet; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.Buffer; import java.security.DigestOutputStream; import java.util.Random; @WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet") public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { int width = 100; int height = 50; // 1.创建一个对象,在内存中画图(验证码图片对象) BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); // 2.美化图片 // 2.1填充背景色 Graphics g = image.getGraphics(); // 获取画笔对象 g.setColor(Color.pink); g.fillRect(0,0,width,height); // 2.2画边框 g.setColor(Color.blue); g.drawRect(0,0,width - 1,height - 1); String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"; // 生成随机角标 Random ran = new Random(); for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i ) { int index = ran.nextInt(str.length()); // 获取字符 char ch = str.charAt(index); // 随机字符 // 2.3写验证码 g.drawString(ch "" ,width / 5 * i,height / 2); } // 2.4画干扰线 g.setColor(Color.green); // 随机生成坐标点 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ) { int x1 = ran.nextInt(width); int x2 = ran.nextInt(width); int y1 = ran.nextInt(height); int y2 = ran.nextInt(height); g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2); } // 3.将图片输出到页面展示 ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream()); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }

代码效果如下,重新加载会呈现不同的验证码:

response怎么设置状态码,response怎么获取里面的响应参数(7)

学习完了使用代码的方式来实现验证码,接下来,说一下真正将来在程序开发过程中如何使用验证码,当然不是在页面上显示一个验证码,是配合注册表单一起来显示验证码。(只能是一张图片)

接下来说一下验证码切换效果
我们写一个HTML页面,代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script> /* 分析: 点击超链接或者图片,需要换一张 1.给超链接和图片绑定单击事件 2.重新设置图片的src属性值 */ window.onload = function () { // 1.获取图片对象 let img = document.getElementById("checkCode"); // 2.绑定单击事件 img.onclick = function () { // 加时间戳 var date = new Date().getTime(); img.src = "/day15/checkCodeServlet?" date; } } </script> </head> <body> <img id="checkCode" src="/day15/checkCodeServlet" alt=""> <a id="change" href="">看不清换一张?</a> </body> </html> 最后

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