定语从句:
修饰、限定名词/代词的句子。译“...的”
先行词:被修饰的名词/代词。
关系词:
①引导定语从句
②代替先行词
③作定语从句成分
结构:先行词 关系词 其他(定语从句)
中考要求:能辨认出由关系代词that、which、who引导的定语从句,并能理解句意。
1关系词
关系代词
关系副词
when | 时间状语 |
where | 地点状语 |
why | 原因状语 |
举例详解:
1.I like the girl who/that is talking with others . (who/that在定语从句中作主语) 我喜欢这个正在和其他人聊天的女孩。
2.I like the pen which/that I bought yesterday. (which/that在定语从句中作宾语) 我喜欢我昨天买的那支钢笔。
3.I like the girl who/whom/that I met at the party yesterday.
(who/whom/that在定语从句中作宾语) 我喜欢昨天我在晚会上碰见的那个女孩。
4.I like the pen whose color is red.(※了解) (whose在定语从句中作定语)
我喜欢那支颜色是红色的钢笔。
5.I will never forget the day when we met.(※了解)
(when在定语从句中作时间状语)
我永远不会忘记我们相遇的那一天。
6.He will go to the hospital where his mother works.(※了解)
(where在定语从句中作地点状语)
他要去他母亲工作的那个医院。
7.Is that the reason why you were late? (why在定语从句中作原因状语)
那就是你迟到的原因吗?
2特殊情况
1.只用that的情况:
(1)先行词之前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰,只能用that引导。
This isthe first book that I have read.
这是我读过的第一本书。(序数词)
This is the best book that I have read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
(形容词最高级)
(2)先行词为all, anything, something, nothing, everything, none, little, much, any, many等不定代词时,关系代词一般只用that引导。
He tole me everything that he knew.
他告诉了我他知道的一切。
(3)先行词同时含人和物时,一般只用that引导。
I can still remember the people and the pictures that I saw in the room.
我至今仍然记得在这个房间所见的人和照片。
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,一般只用that引导。
He is the only man that I want to see.
他是我唯一想见的人。
(5) 以who/which引导的特殊疑问句,一般只用that引导。
Who is the man that is making a speech?正在演讲的那个人是谁?
2. 只用which的情况:
(1) 先行词为that,those时。
What is that which was put in the box? 盒子里放的是什么?
(2) 关系代词前有介词时。
This is the house in which they lived last year.这是他们去年住过的房子。
(3) 引导非限制性定语从句。(※了解)
Mike passed the exam, which made us happy.迈克通过了考试,这使我们很高兴。
3. 介词 关系代词=关系副词 (※了解)
for which why;
in/at/on which(介词与先行词搭配)
=where in/on/during which(介词与先行词搭配)=when
Chongqing is the place where I was born.=Chongqing is the place in which I was born. 重庆是我出生的地方。
3、定语从句与简单句的互换
1.The books which are under the desk aren’t worth reading.
The books under the desk aren’t worth reading.(介词短语简化)
2.Do you have anything that you want to say at the meeting?
Do you have anything to say at the meeting? (不定式简化)
3.The boy who is standing against the door is our monitor.
The boy standing against the door is our monitor.(现在分词短语简化) (※了解)
4.The dictionary which my mother bought me is very useful.
The dictionary bought by my mother for me is very useful.(过去分词短语简化) (※了解)
中考英语真题--定语从句
1.Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A.who B.which C.what D.when
2.(2020山东滨州)—Do you know Li Ziqi?
—Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.
A.whose B.where C.which D.who
3.(2020四川甘孜州)The nurse ________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister.
A.which B.who C.what
4.(2020四川自贡)—Have you heard of the basketball team _______ won the NBA championship last year?
—Of course, it’s my favorite basketball team — Warriors.
A.whose B.which C.who
5.—What are they talking about?
—They are talking about the greatest inventions _______ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A.which B.who C.that
6.Parasite《寄生虫》became the first non-English best movie ______ has won Oscars in history.
A.that B.which C.who
7.(2020黑龙江大庆)Would you please tell me about the plan ________ you made ________ your leave?
A.who; after B.what; when C.which; while D.that; before
8.Treasure Island is the most ________ novel ________ I have read.
A.interesting;whichB.interesting;thatC.interested;that
9.(2020贵州安顺)In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.
A.whom B.which C.who
10.(2020黑龙江绥化市)We all like comedies ______ make us relaxed.
A.who B.that C.whom
11.(2020湖北鄂州)I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A.who B.which C.what D.how
12.(2020湖南怀化)—Do you like the song Shao Nian?
—Yes. I like the songs ______ I can sing along with.
A.that B.who C.what
13.(2020辽宁营口)—What are you looking for?
—I'm looking for the dictionary ________ my brother gave me last month.
A.that B.what C.who D.whom
14.This is the CD________ I bought last year.
A.who B.that C.whom
15.(2020湖北黄冈)—Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech?
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A.which B.who C.whom D.what
16.(2020甘肃天水)The boy ________ is holding a ball is my brother.
A.what B.which C.不填 D.who
17.(2020福建)Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A.which B.whom C.who
18.(2020广西北部湾)Our teacher told us a funny story ____ made us laugh.
A.when B.which C.who D.whom
19.—Do you know the boy_______ got the first prize in the talent show?
—Of course. He's my new neighbor.
A.whose B.whom C.which D.who
20.Mary is my English teacher _______ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person.
A.She B.which C.who
21.—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
—I think so.
A.who B.what C.which D.whose
22.(2020四川成都)The book ______cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A.which B.whose C.that
23. In America, Thanksgiving is a holiday________celebrates the love of family.
A. who B./ C. that
24.I like teachers________ classes are interesting and creative.
A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
25.The boy ____won the first prize is called Roy.
A.when B.whom C.who D.which
26.—Do you know the boy ______is talking to Mr Zhang?
—Yes. He is our monitor.
A.which B.who C.whose D.whom
27.The girl ______is wearing a blue dress is my sister.
A.whom B.which C.who
28.(2020辽宁阜新)Is this the museum ______ you visited last year?
A.who B.that C.whom D.in which
29.(2020四川内江)—Do you know the old man_______ wears glasses on TV?
—Of course. He's Zhong Nanshan.
A.who B.whom C.which D./
30.—The singer _______comes from USA is called Bob.
—I know. The most popular song _____was sung by him was on the CCTV show last night.
A.who; which B.who; that
C.that; which D.whom; that
31.Zhong Nanshan is a medical expert _______ saves lives and is always honest.
A.which B.who C.what D.whose
32.Dr Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer _____ has made a lot of contributions (贡献) in the field of medical science.
A.which B.who C.whose D.what
33.The shoes ________ I bought yesterday cost me ten dollars.
A.whose B.which C.whom D.who
参考答案:
1.【答案】A
【解析】句意:李文亮是一位勇敢的医生,被许多中国人所熟知。
考查定语从句。A. who谁;B. which哪一个;C. what什么;D. when什么时候。根据句子结构,这是一个定语从句,先行词为doctor,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。
2.【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你知道李子柒吗?——当然知道,她是一个美丽的女孩,她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。
考查定语从句。whose谁的;where哪里;which哪一个;who谁。句中girl是先行词,表示“人”,所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句,who has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life作girl的定语。故选D。
3.【答案】B
【解析】句意:正在照顾那位老人的护士是汤姆的妹妹。
考查定语从句关系词。which关系代词,先行词是物,且在从句中作主语、宾语;who关系代词,先行词是人,且在从句中作主语;what什么,不能引导定语从句。根据题干可知从句的先行词“The nurse”,指人,且在从句中作主语,用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选B
4.【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你听说过去年赢得NBA总冠军的篮球队吗? ——当然,它是我最喜欢的篮球队——勇士队。
考查定语从句。A. whose表先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系;B. which指物;C. who指人。根据句子结构,先行词为basketball team,指物,且关系代词在从句中作主语,故选B。
5.【答案】C
【解析】句意:——他们在谈论什么?——他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。
考查定语从句关系词。which先行词指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或定语;who先行词指人,在从句中作主语;that先行词指人或物,在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物,且在从句中作主语,排除B;先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰,关系词不能用which只能用that,排除A。故选C。
6.【答案】A
【解析】句意:《寄生虫》成为历史上第一部获得奥斯卡最佳影片奖的非英语电影。
考查定语从句的关系词辨析。that既可指人又可指物的关系代词;which指物的关系代词;who指人的关系代词。根据句子结构,此句是一个定语从句,先行词movie指物,在从句中作主语,排除C选项。当先行词被形容词最高级best修饰时,关系词只能用that,所以空格处填that。故选A。
7.【答案】D
【解析】句意:你能在你离开之前给我讲讲你做的这个计划么?
考查定语从句和状语从句。who谁,指人;what什么,不引导定语从句;which哪一个,指物;that在定语从句中可以代替人或者物。先行词是plan,定语从句用which或者that来引导,which 或者that在定语从句中作宾语。after在……之后;when 当……时候;while当……时候;before在……之前。根据“your leave”可知第二空用before引导时间状语从句,表示“在你离开之前”。故选D。
8.【答案】B
【解析】句意:《金银岛》是我读过的最有趣的小说。
考查形容词辨析和关系代词辨析。interesting有趣的,主要表示“某物是有趣的”;interested感兴趣的,主要表示“某人对某事感兴趣”;此处指“有趣的小说”,所以用interesting。定语从句中先行词指物时,which和that都可以用,但当先行词有最高级修饰时,关系代词只能用that,本句中的先行词novel 由最高级修饰,所以用that,故选B。
9.【答案】C
【解析】句意:在困难时期,总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。
考查定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人,在从句中充当宾语;which先行词为物;who先行词为人,在从句中充当主语或宾语。此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词heroes,是人,所以排除B;根据先行词在从句中充当主语,所以用who引导,故选C。
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们都喜欢喜剧,喜剧让我们放松。
考查定语从句。who指代人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;that指代人或物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;whom指代人,在定语从句中作宾语。先行词是comedies,是物,用关系代词that,that在定语从句做主语。故选B。
11.【答案】A
【解析】句意:我将记住我生命中那些帮助和支持过我的重要的人们。
考查关系代词。who先行词为人;which先行词为物;what不引导定语从句;how在从句中充当方式状语。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词people,是人,应该用who引导,故选A。
12.【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你喜欢《少年》这首歌吗?——是的。我喜欢我能跟着唱的歌。
考查定语从句引导词。根据句子结构可知,该空引导的是定语从句,修饰空前的名词the songs。that是关系代词,先行词可以是人,也可以是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;who是关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句。这个定语从句修饰的名词指物,应用that引导。故选A。
13.【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你在找什么?——我在找我哥哥上个月送给我的那本字典。
考查定语从句引导词。根据句子结构可知,该空引导的是定语从句,修饰空前的名词the dictionary。that是关系代词,先行词可以是人,也可以是物,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句,排除B;who先行词是人,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom先行词指人,在从句中作宾语。这个定语从句修饰的名词the dictionary是物,应用that引导。故选A。
14.【答案】B
【解析】句意:这是我去年买的CD。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,指人;that关系代词,指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作宾语。根据句意和语境可知,本句的先行词the CD属于物,而且在定语从句中作宾语,所以用关系代词that引导,故选B。
15.【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你知道那个演讲的女孩么?——当然知道,她是我最好的朋友,梅梅。
考查定语从句。which指代物,在定语从句中主语或宾语;who指代人,在定语从句中主语或宾语;who指代人,在定语从句中宾语;what什么。此处是定语从句,先行词是girl指的是人,定语从句用who,who在定语从句中做主语。故选B。
16.【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个拿着球的男孩是我的弟弟。
考查定语从句。what什么;which哪一个,指代物;who谁,指代人。the boy是先行词,表示的人,定语从句用who指代人,在从句中做主语。故选D。
17.【答案】C
【解析】句意:杜甫是一位伟大的中国诗人,他受到世界各地许多人的欢迎。
考查定语从句。which哪一个;whom宾格,谁;who主格,谁。句中poet是先行词,表示“人”,所以此处使用who或whom引导定语从句,由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以此处使用who引导定语从句。故选C。
18.【答案】B
【解析】句意:老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事,我们都笑了。
考查关系代词。when先行词为时间名词,在句中作状语;which先行词为物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;who先行词为人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom宾格,谁,指代人,在定语从句中作宾语。根据题干可知,这里考查定语从句的引导词,先行词story为物,在定语从句中做主语,所以使用关系代词which,故答案选B。
19.【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你认识那个在才艺表演中获得一等奖的男孩吗?——当然。他是我的新邻居。
本题考查定语从句的关联词。whose的先行词是人或物,在定语从句中做定语;whom的先行词是人,在定语从句中做宾语;which的先行词是物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;who的先行词是人,在定语从句中做主语。本句的先行词是the boy是人,在定语从句中做主语,故选D。
20.【答案】C
【解析】句意:玛丽是我的英语老师,她不仅教我知识,而且教我如何做一个好人。
考查定语从句。She她,人称代词主格,在句中作主语;which在定语从句中指物;who在定语从句中指人。本句空格前没有“句点”,故本句为一个完整的定语从句,主语为Mary,故此处将She排除。另本句的先行词English teacher指人,故应用who引导定语从句。故选C。
21.【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我们青少年应该尊敬像袁隆平这样为国家做出巨大成就的人。——我也这样认为。
考查定语从句。who在定语从句中指人,在句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;which在定语从句中指物,在句中作主语或宾语;whose在定语从句中指人或物,在句中作定语。根据语境可知,我们应该尊重像袁隆平这样的人,先行词people指人,且从句缺少主语,故应用who来引导定语从句。故选A。
22.【答案】B
【解析】句意:封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。
本题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句,作主语,宾语或表语;whose引导定语从句,作定语;that引导定语从句,作主语,宾语或表语。此处修饰名词cover用whose。故选B。
23.【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:在美国,感恩节是庆祝家庭之爱的节日。后面的句子修饰名词holiday,判断是定语从句。holiday作先行词,表示“物”,定语从句用that或which引导。因此选C。
24.【答案】D
【解析】句意:我喜欢上课有趣和有创意的老师。
本题考查定语从句。which的先行词是物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;who的先行词是人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;whom的先行词是人,在定语从句中做宾语;whose的先行词是人或物,在定语从句中做定语。本句的先行词是teachers,指人,和后面的classes构成所属关系,在定语从句中做定语,所以应用关系代词whose。故选D。
25.【答案】C
【解析】句意:获得一等奖的男孩叫罗伊。
本题主要考查定语从句。本题中修饰boy是一个定语从句,先行词是boy,修饰人的用who,在从句中做主语,故选C。
26.【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你认识正在和张先生说话的那个男孩吗?——是的。他是我们的班长。
考查定语从句。which引导定语从句先行词指物,在从句中作主语、宾语;who引导定语从句先行词指人,在从句中作主语;whose引导定语从句先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语;whom引导定语从句先行词指人,在从句中作宾语。由“Do you know the boy…is talking to Mr Zhang”可知,从句中缺少主语,且先行词boy指人,故应用who引导定语从句。故选B。
27.【答案】C
【解析】句意:穿一条蓝色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐。
考查who引导的定语从句。whom先行词是人,定语从句中作宾语;which先行词是物,定语从句中作主语或宾语;who先行词是人,定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知,本句是定语从句,先行词是The girl指人,引导词在从句中作主语。故选C。
28.【答案】B
【解析】句意:这是去年你参观过的博物馆么?
考查定语从句。who替代人,从句中做主语或者宾语;that替代人或物,从句中做主语或者宾语;whom替代人,从句中做宾语;in which是介词加上关系代词which的用法。museum是先行词,表达的是物,从句“you visited last year”缺宾语,用which或者that来替代物并在从句中作宾语。故选B。
29.【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你认识那位电视上戴着眼镜的老人吗?——当然认识。他是钟南山。
本题考查定语从句。who指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;whom指人,在从句中作宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;当关系代词that在从句中作宾语时,可以省略that。先行词是man,表示人,在定语从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句,故选A。
30.【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这位来自美国的歌手叫鲍勃。——我知道。在昨晚中央电视台的节目中是他唱的最流行的歌曲。
本题考查定语从句。第一空先行词singer,表示人,在定语从句缺少主语,因此用who引导定语从句。第二空先行词song前有形容词最高级the most popular修饰,用that引导定语从句,不可以用which,故选B。
31.【答案】B
【解析】句意:钟南山是一名拯救生命且总是诚实的医学专家。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知,本句是定语从句,先行词expert是人,引导词在从句中作主语。故选B。
32.【答案】B
【解析】句意:钟南山医生是一位在医学领域做出了重大贡献的先驱。
考查定语从句。which引导定语从句时,先行词为物,在句中作主语、宾语、表语;who引导定语从句时,先行词为人,在句中作主语;whose引导定语从句时,先行词为人或物,在句中作定语;what不能引导定语从句。由“Dr Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer…has made a lot of…”可知,本句为定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词pioneer指人,故应用who引导定语从句。故选B。
33.【答案】B
【解析】句意:我昨天买的鞋子花了我十美元。
考查关系代词。whose谁的,指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语;which关系代词,引导定语从句时,指代物,并且在句中充当主语或者宾语;whom宾格,谁,指代人,在定语从句中作宾语;who谁,指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知,本题含有一个定语从句,空格上要填的词在定语从句中作bought的宾语,指代 shoes。选项C和D 引导定语从句时指代人,可排除; 选项A 引导定语从句时可指人也可指物,作定语;which 在引导定语从句时只能指物,作主语或宾语,因此B选项符合题意,故选B。