【上期回顾】
【本期内容】
一、内容纲要
二、内容简述
(一)定义
英语中的系动词,也叫连系动词(Linking verb),是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,其后必须跟表语(由名词、形容词或短语等充当),构成系表结构,用作句子的谓语,用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况,所以也被称作主语补足语。
(二)分类
英语中的系动词主要分为六大类,即:
状态系动词
感官系动词
持续系动词
表像系动词
变化系动词
终止/结果系动词
(三)状态系动词
英语中的状态系动词主要用来表示主语的状态,只有be,其后常接名词、形容词或介词短语等作为表语,如:
He is a doctor.
She is very excited.
They are at school now.
(四)感官系动词
英语中的感官系动词主要用来表示五官的感受,有五个:sound, look, smell, taste, feel,其后常接形容词作为表语,如:
That sounds a good idea.
She looks pale today.
The flowers smell sweet.
The dish tastes great.
The cloth feels soft.
(五)持续系动词
英语中的持续系动词主要用来表示主语持续处于某种状态或持有某种态度等,常见的持续系动词有:keep, stay, remain, rest, lie, stand,其后常接形容词或短语作为表语,如:
He kept still for an hour.
She has to stay in bed for two more days.
It remains a mystery.
(六)表像系动词
英语中的表像系动词主要用来表示“看起来像;好像;似乎”,常用的有:seem, look, appear,其后常接形容词作为表语,如:
He looks rather tired.
She seemed (to be) very sad at the news.
(七)变化系动词
英语中的变化系动词主要用来表示主语变成怎么样,常用的有:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run,其后常接形容词或名词作为表语,如:
The child ran wild during the weekends.
He finally became a teacher.
The trees turn green in spring.
The milk has gone sour.
(八)终止/结果系动词
英语中的终止/结果系动词主要用来表示主语最终达成的结果,常用的有:prove, turn out,其后常接to be结构,但可以省略,如:
The rumour proved (to be) true.
She turned out (to be) a great success.