主语从句是名词性从句的一种,名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句,在复合句(由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成的句子叫复合句)中作主语,宾语,表语和同位语。
主语从句
主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前,在复合句中作主语,也可以用形式主语it代替,把主语从句放在主句谓语动词后面。
1.主语从句的连接词:
从属连词:that,whether
连接代词:what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等
连接副词:when,where,why,how
2.从属连词that的用法
以从属连词that引导的主语从句,that没有意义,只起连接作用,不做成分,不可以省略。
That my form teacher would visit my home surprised my parents. 我的班主任要来我家,这使我父母很惊讶。
That he used to be a dancer is known to all of us. 我们大家都知道他过去是个舞蹈演员。
3.从属连词whether的用法
以从属连词whether(是否)引导的主语从句,whether不可以由if代替。
Whether we will play the football match today depends on the weather. 我们今天是否举行足球比赛要看天气而定。
4.连接代词:what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等的用法
①连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等引导主语从句时,连接代词都带有本身的含义:what(所…的),who(谁),which(哪一个;哪一些),whatever(无论什么),whoever(无论谁),whichever(无论哪个;无论哪里)
②连接代词在主语从句中要作成分,作主语,宾语或定语。
③连接代词引导的主语从句用陈述语序,不用疑问语序。
What impressed me most there was the beautiful scenery. 给我印象最深的是那里美丽的风景。(what在主语从句中作主语)
whoever breaks the law must be punished. 无论谁犯法都必须受到惩罚。(whoever在主语从句中作主语)
Whichever book you choose is allowed.你选哪本书都可以。(whichever在主语从句中作定语)
5.连接副词:when,where,why,how等的用法
连接副词when,where,why,how引导主语从句时带有本身的含义,在主语从句中作状语;连接副词引导的主语从句用陈述语序,不用疑问语序。
Why he never returned homeremained a mystery. 他为什么再也没有回家仍然是个谜。
When she left was not known. 她什么时候离开的无人知晓。
6.it作形式主语的用法
当主句从句较长时,为了保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,往往用it作形式主语代替主语从句,而把主语从句放在主句谓语动词之后。
①It is 名词/形容词/过去分词 主语从句
It's no wonder that he was liked by all his teachers. 难怪所有的老师都喜欢他。
It's wonderful that you are here with me. 你能和我在一起真是太好了。
It hasn't been decided whether the sports meeting will be put off. 运动会是否推迟还没有决定。
②常用的it作形式主语的结构:
It's said that据说
It's reported that据报道
It's thought that人们认为
It happens that碰巧
It's no wonder that难怪
It's a pity that很遗憾
It turned out that结果是;证明是
It's well known that众所周知
It occurred to sb that 某人突然想到