Hey. Am I under the board or am I below the board, or am I both? Okay, there we go.
嘿，我是在这块板子下面，还是在这块板子下面，或者都有？好的，我们开始吧。
Hey, everyone. I'm Alex.
嘿大家好。我是亚历克斯。
Thanks for clicking and welcome to this lesson on two very tricky prepositions, and those are: " below" and " under" .
感谢收看，欢迎来到这一课，这是两个非常棘手的介词 “below”和“under”。
So, we are going to look at the meanings of these prepositions and we're going to look at some examples, some contexts so that you can better understand and more confidently
所以，我们来看看这些介词的意思，我们来看看 一些例子，一些情境，这样你就能更好地理解，也更有信心能
use them when you're talking about the physical position of something, or maybe not necessarily even the physical position of something, but if you're measuring something, for example.
去使用它们，当你在谈论某物的物理位置时，或者 一些物理位置,比如你测量的东西。
So, when I started the video, I asked: Am I below the board or am I under the board? Well, it's actually both.
所以，当我开始这段视频的时候，我问:我是在黑板下面还是在黑板下面?好吧,其实两者都有。
So, " below" and " under" can both simply mean lower than. So: " Hey, where is the. . ." whatever it is.
所以，“below”和“under”都可以简单地表示低于。所以:“嘿，哪里是…”不管它是什么。
-" Where's my mug? Where's my cup? "
“我的马克杯在哪里?我的杯子在哪里?”
-" Oh, it's. . . It's below the cabinet."
“哦,是……它在橱柜下面。”
Or: " Oh, it's under the cabinet." Okay?
或者:“哦，它在橱柜下面。”懂了吗？
So, basically if the cabinet is up here and your mug is here, or here, or here, or here - it's below the cabinet or it's under the cabinet, just lower than the cabinet.
基本上，如果柜子在这里，你的杯子在这里，这里，这里，或者这里。 或者在橱柜下面，比柜子低。
Same with: " It's under the sink." Okay?
同样的:“它在水槽下面。”懂了吗？
" It's under the sink" or " below the sink" , it just means lower than. All right?
“它在水槽下面”或“在水槽下面”，它只是意味着低于。嗯哼？
And here I have Kiki from Kiki's Delivery Service, those of you who watch anime and know who Hayao Miyazaki is.
这是琪琪的送货服务，你们看动漫的人 都知道宫崎骏是谁。
So, she is flying on a broom and she's flying over a city. The city is under her.
就是，她飞在扫帚上，飞过一个城市。城市在她的下面。
The city is below her. It's lower than her, because she's in the air.
城市在她的下面。城市比她低，因为她在空中。
Right? Okay. And she might be, like, flying over clouds, so the clouds could be below her or under
懂了吧。她可能会飞到云层之上，这样云层就会在她下面，
her as well. Next, let's look at " below" .
或者低于她。接下来，让我们看一下“below”怎么用。
Some. . . Two specific instances where you must use " below" , so for example, not directly under. So if something, like I said, is. . .
一些……在两个特定的实例中，您必须使用“below”，例如，不是直接在下面。所以如果我说过，是…
If you have something here like a shelf, and you have an object here, like this marker, for example, the marker is not, you know, directly under the shelf, so we say it's below.
如果你在这里有一个架子，你有一个物体，像这个记号笔，比如这个记号笔，记号笔不是，你知道，直接在架子下面，所以我们说它在下面。
So, for example: " We stopped 100 meters below the top of the mountain." If we're climbing the mountain and then we stop to take a break, maybe there's a cabin
例如:“我们在山顶下100米处停了下来。”如果我们爬山，然后停下来休息，也许有个小木屋，
where you can go in, have some hot chocolate, prepare to climb the rest of the mountain, you can say: " Oh, we stopped 100 meters below the top of the mountain."
你可以进去，吃些热巧克力，继续准备爬，你可以说:“哦，我们停在山顶下100米的地方。”
You're not under the mountain. Right?
但并你不在山底下。知道了吗？
You're on the mountain, and you're below the top of it. Next, for measurements.
你在的山上面，你在山顶下面。接下来,为测量。
Now, you must use " below" when you're talking about measurements. So, for example: " It's 5 below 0."
现在，当你描述与测量有关的东西时，你必须使用“below”。例如:“它在零下5度。”
So if you're talking about degrees Celsius, or. . . Well, not in Fahrenheit.
如果你说的是摄氏度，或者…嗯,不是在华氏温度。
Degrees Celsius, basically, you can say: " It's 5 below 0." Not: " 5 under 0。" , " 5 below 0."
摄氏度，所以，你可以说:“它在零下5度。”不是:“5在0之下。”,“零下5度。”
Another example: " We are at 150 feet below sea level." If you're talking about someone's scores in their class, you can say: " Her grades" or
另一个例子是:“我们在海平面以下150英尺处。”如果你在谈论某人在班上的成绩，你可以说:“她的成绩”或
" His grades are below average." Or you can perform below expectations-right? -if you're measuring performance, for example.
“他的成绩低于平均水平”。或者你可以做低于预期的工作，对吧?-例如，如果你在测量性能。
Next, for " under" , basically if anything is covered, it, you know. . . You have to use " under" .
接下来，对于“under”，基本上，如果有任何东西被覆盖，它，你知道…你必须使用“under”。
So, for example: " The cat is under the bed." Right?
例如:“猫在床底下。”知道了吗？
So he's under the bed, he's covered. Or with a blanket, for example, if a blanket is covering you, you are under the blanket.
所以他在床底下，他被盖住了。或者用毯子，例如，如果毯子盖住了你，你就在毯子下面。
I am wearing a t-shirt under my jacket, under my blazer. Okay?
我在夹克下面穿了一件t恤。知道了吗？
Because the t-shirt is covered, so my t-shirt is under my jacket, under my blazer. And finally: " under" can be used as a synonym for " less than" .
因为t恤被遮住了，所以我的t恤就在夹克下面，在我的夹克下面。最后:“under”可以作为“less than”的同义词。
So, for example: " He's under 18." Under 18 years old.
例如:“他不到18岁。”在18岁以下。
He's less than 18 years old. " There were under 5 people at the office today."
他还不到18岁。“今天办公室里人数在五个以下。”
So, there were less than 5 people at the office today. All right, so let's do some quick practice.
所以，今天办公室里只有不到5个人。好的，我们来快速练习一下。
I have a grammar book. I have a novel that I'm reading right here.
我有一本语法书。我有一本小说，正在这里读。
Where is the grammar book? Well, my grammar book is under my novel.
语法书在哪里?嗯，我的语法书在我的小说下面。
Right? Because it's touching directly, so it's directly under.
嗯哼？因为它们直接接触，所以它直接在下面。
Okay? Now, where is my grammar book?
知道了吗？现在，我的语法书在哪里?
My grammar book is under the novel. It's also below the novel, because it is lower than the novel.
我的语法书在小说下面。它也在小说下边，因为它比小说更低。
All right? So, just to give you another concrete example of how to use these two very tough prepositions.
知道了吗？那么，我们再举一个具体的例子来说明如何使用这两个非常困难的介词。
So I don't want to complicate it, so I'll just repeat it one more time. Lower than, " below" or " under" .
所以我不想把它复杂化，我会再重复一遍。低于, "below" 或 "under".
Not directly under, use " below" , like if you're climbing a mountain, for example. For measurements, like you're talking about how cold it is, so temperature, how, you know,
如果不是直接在下面，用“below”，比如你在爬山。对于测量度，就像你说的温度是多少，温度，你知道，
sea level, anything related to measurements, use " below" , " below" , " below" . And for " under" , lower than, like I said, " below" and " under" for both.
海平面，任何与测量有关的东西，用“below”，“below”，“below”。而对于“低于”的话，就像我说的“below”和“under”都可以。
If it's covered with a blanket, for example, or you're wearing a jacket and you're covering yourself, please use " under" .
比如，如果上面盖着毯子，或者你穿了一件夹克，你就会遮住 你自己，请用“under”。
So, for example: In the wintertime in Canada, you know, if you wear a jacket and if you wear a light jacket, one of your friends or family members might say: " Oh, you look like
例如，在加拿大的冬天，如果你穿夹克，如果你 穿一件薄夹克，你的一个朋友或家人会说:“哦，你看起来像
you will be cold." You can say: " Don't worry.
会很冷。”你可以说:“别担心。
Don't worry. I'm wearing five shirts under this." Okay?
别担心。我里面穿了五件衬衫。”好吧?
So, if you're wearing a lot of layers, a lot of shirts, you can say: " I'm wearing four layers under my jacket or under my shirt, so don't worry, I'm warm."
所以，如果你穿了很多衣服，很多衬衫，你可以说:“我穿了 四层衣服，所以别担心，我很暖和。”
And finally, less than. So, he's under 18, there were under 5 people at the office today.
最后,“less than”。所以，他不到18岁，今天办公室里不到5个人。
Finally, if you want to test your understanding and make sure that you are more comfortable, more confident using and understanding these prepositions, as always, check out the quiz
最后，如果你想测试你是否理解了，让自己更安心，更自信地使用和理解这些介词，就像以前一样，
on www. engvid. com. And while you're there don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, check me out on Facebook
到www.engvid.com上检查测试。还有，别忘了订阅我的YouTube频道，查看我的Facebook
on my fan page, and check me out on Twitter. So, still next time, guys, thanks for clicking.
在我的粉丝页面上，并在Twitter上查看我。所以，下次再见，谢谢你的点击。
I'm going under the board, below the board, under, below, under, below.
我在板子的下面，板子下面，under，below，under，below。
