S: 学生 T:老师
T:请问,同位语从句与限制性定语从句的区别搞清楚了吗?
S: 同从与定从的区别:
1.先行词在同从中只能是抽象名词;在定从中没有限制;
2. 引导词不同:
定从中没有whether,what,how;
3.that在定从中担当主、宾、表;在同从中不担当成分;
4.wh-在定从中不翻译,即无意义;在同从中翻译为疑问词的本身含义,即有意义。比如:
The problem who can do it is not solved.
谁能做这件事的问题还没有解决。(同从)
The man who can do it is not found.
能做这件事的那个人还没有找到。
(定从)
T: 很好!那同位语从句与非限制性定从有什么关系?想过吗?
S: 从来没想过,它们之间有关系吗?
T: 当然!比如上面的同从的例句:
The problem who can do it is not solved.
此句可转化为非限制性定语从句:
The problem, which is who can do it , is not solved.
S: 哇!太棒了!我怎么从来没有想过。
T: 同从就是解释说明其前面的抽象名词,即同位关系, 或者叫系表关系,此非限制定从中又含有一个who引导的表语从句。
S: 从句中的从句。也就是说同从可以转化为非限制性定从加表语从句。
T: 一语中的!再强调一下:
同从可以转化为非限制性定从加表语从句;但非限制性定从不一定能转化为同从。
比如:
1.We received a message that he was ill. =
We received a message , which is that he was ill.
2. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. =
He must answer the question , which is whether he agrees to it or not.
练一练:
1. The idea that the earth is round is not a new one.
2. The truth came out at last that he was a liar.
S: 第1句相当于:
The idea ,which is that the earth is round , is not a new one.
第2句相当于:
The truth ,which is that he was a liar, came out at last .
本节课教与学方法提炼:逻辑关系法
逻辑无处不在,尤其在语言学习中。通过刻意培养和判断语言中的逻辑关系,来提升逻辑思维能力。