Need 是个情态动词吗?
Need既可以作情态动词,也可以作普通动词。
1. 当need充当情态动词时,它通常用于否定形式(即needn't)或否定意义的肯定陈述句中(No one need worry)。
和其他情态动词一样,它后面跟一个不带“to”的不定式,表示没有义务或必要性。
2. 当need作为主要动词时,它是屈折变化的。例如,第三人称单数中用“s”(即he, she, and it),一般过去时用“ed”:
- He needs help.
- He needed help.
在疑问句和否定句中,它与助动词do, does和did连用:
- Do you need help?
- Does he need help?
- Did you need help?
在继续本问2之前,有必要对情态动词有一个清晰的理解:
- 什么是情态动词?
- 它们与普通动词的区别?
通常,情态动词与不带动词定式连用,表示能力、禁止、义务、可能性、允许等。
他们从来没有屈折变化;你不能加上"s", "ed", "ing"…
它们后面总是跟不带动词不定式(即不带to的不定式)。
下面是一些例子:
- I can speak German.
- You mustn't smoke in the hospital
- You should see a doctor.
- He might come to the party.
- May I go?
Need既可以作情态动词,也可以作主动动词。
看看下面的例子:
- A: Do you need some help?
B: "Yes I do. I need someone to help me with this math exercise."
- You needn't take your umbrella. It is not raining.
- Need he lock the drawer?
在例子1中,need用作普通动词。
在例2和例3中,need用作情态动词。
Need 做情态动词Need作为情态动词很像must、should或can。
Need做情态动词的形式肯定Need通常用否定形式,needn't。但如果它被用于肯定陈述句中,它通常与否定词或短语一起使用,例如not everybody, no one, nobody, only, never, hardly:
- No one need do the shopping.
- Not everybody need come.
- He need only wait.
- She need only call me and I will come.
否定
否定形式中,not加在need后面(如need not或needn't)。
- You needn't send the email.
- She needn't apologize.
- They need not justify their attitude.
疑问
疑问句由主语和情态动词need的倒装构成:
- Need I lock the door?
- Need he call the doctor?
注意,这是一种非常正式的提问方式。
肯定 | No one need lock the door. |
否定 | They needn't lock the door |
疑问 | Need they Lock the door? |
Need用于表示缺乏必要或义务:
- You needn't call him. He is coming in person.
- You needn't read this book. I'll summarize it for you.
- You needn't water the grass.
注意:Need作为情态动词不使用过去式(即Needed)。Didn’t need to用来表示过去没有义务:
- I didn't need to water the grass. It had rained heavily before.
注意,在这种情况下,need的行为和任何主要动词一样。它接助动词did,后接不定式“to”: to water。
Need 作为普通动词
当need用作普通动词时:
- 第三人称单数中有“s”:: he needs a job.
- 一般过去时和过去分词中有“ed”: he needed a job.
- 在否定形式中,使用助动词“didn’t: He didn't need it.
- 在疑问句中,用“did”: did you need a job?
- 它后面可能跟一个带“to”的不定式: he needed to find a job.
- 第三人称单数中有“s”: he needs a job.
请看下表,看看need是如何用作主要动词的:
一般现在时 | ||
Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
I need to do it. | I do not need to do it. | Do I need to do it? |
You need to do it. | You do not need to do it. | Do you need to do it? |
He/she needs to do it. | He/she does not need to do it. | Does he need to do it? |
We do not need to do it. | We do not need to do it. | Do we need to do it?. |
They do not need to do it. | They do not need to do it. | Do they need to do it? |
一般过去时 | ||
Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
I need to go. | I do not need to go. | Do I need to go? |
You need to go. | You do not need to go. | Do you need to go? |
He/she needs to go. | He/she does not need to go. | Does he need to go? |
We do not need to go. | We do not need to go. | Do we need to go?. |
They do not need to go. | They do not need to go. | Do they need to go? |